#09 Flashcards
Which one of the following types of cervical disk herniation results in predominantly sensory radicular symptoms?
A. Intraforaminal.
B. Posterolateral.
C. Midline.
D. Degenerative.
A. Intraforaminal.
Which one of the following provocative maneuvers is the most sensitive for ruling out cervical radiculopathy?
A. Spurling test.
B. Upper limb tension test.
C. Valsalva maneuver.
D. Shoulder abduction test.
B. Upper limb tension test.
Which one of the following statements about the evaluation and management of back pain is correct?
A. Acetaminophen is preferred over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because it is more effective.
B. Imaging in older adults with acute back pain for less than six weeks does not improve outcomes.
C. Naproxen plus cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) is more effective than naproxen alone.
D. Early referral to physical therapy for recent-onset low back pain significantly improves quality of life compared with usual care.
B. Imaging in older adults with acute back pain for less than six weeks does not improve outcomes.
Which one of the following statements about intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus is correct?
A. Intensive glycemic control in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes does not reduce the rates of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.
B. A large trial of veterans with type 2 diabetes found that tight glycemic control led to one fewer cardiac event per 85 person-years.
C. Studies of patients with type 1 diabetes show an association between tighter glycemic control and higher cardiovascular mortality.
D. The original ACCORD trial demonstrated reduced mortality in the intensive glycemic control group.
A. Intensive glycemic control in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes does not reduce the rates of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.
Which one of the following statements about the diagnosis and treatment of upper and lower respiratory infections is correct?
A. Because of the low specificity of rapid streptococcal tests, routine confirmation with throat culture for negative results should be standard practice.
B. Rates of diarrhea are equal between placebo and amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) groups in patients treated for respiratory symptoms.
C. In patients who have acute lower respiratory tract symptoms with green sputum or cardiopulmonary comorbidities, antibiotic treatment results in slight decreases in duration and intensity of illness.
D. The risk of candidiasis is similar in patients treated with antibiotics vs. placebo.
C. In patients who have acute lower respiratory tract symptoms with green sputum or cardiopulmonary comorbidities, antibiotic treatment results in slight decreases in duration and intensity of illness.
When monitoring a prostate cancer survivor for recurrence or secondary malignancies, which one of the following is recommended by the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines on prostate cancer survivorship care?
A. Routine urinalysis should be performed at six-month intervals.
B. Hematuria generally requires a cystoscopy after two or more episodes.
C. Digital rectal examination should be performed every five years.
D. Following radical prostatectomy, any measurable prostate-specific antigen level requires referral.
D. Following radical prostatectomy, any measurable prostate-specific antigen level requires referral.
Which one of the following lifestyle recommendations applies to prostate cancer survivors?
A. Patients should perform 75 to 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise every week.
B. Patients should avoid returning to normal activities for two months after surgery.
C. Alcohol consumption is contraindicated after cancer treatment.
D. Patients should follow specific caloric restriction as outlined by the ACS guidelines.
A. Patients should perform 75 to 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise every week.
Which one of the following is a common adverse effect in patients who have undergone radiation therapy?
A. Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes.
B. Anemia.
C. Bowel dysfunction.
D. Osteoporosis.
C. Bowel dysfunction.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of Bell palsy is correct?
A. Patients treated with corticosteroids alone are just as likely as those treated with a combination of corticosteroids and antivirals to have complete recovery of facial nerve function at six months.
B. The combination of corticosteroids and antivirals improves motor synkinesis and excessive tear production over corticosteroids alone.
C. Treatment with antivirals alone reduces the risk of residual symptoms vs. treatment with corticosteroids alone.
D. Patients treated with a combination of corticosteroids and antivirals are more likely to develop adverse effects than those treated with corticosteroids alone.
B. The combination of corticosteroids and antivirals improves motor synkinesis and excessive tear production over corticosteroids alone.
Which one of the following statements about applying fluoride varnish to children’s teeth is correct?
A. It decreases the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary tooth surfaces.
B. It has no effect on the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent tooth surfaces.
C. It is effective only when patients already have a background exposure to fluoride (e.g., in the water supply).
D. Mild adverse effects are commonly reported.
A. It decreases the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary tooth surfaces.
