11-20 Flashcards
The “dot com” Bubble: 1994-2000
-As Web suddenly became very popular, investors became eager to invest, at almost any valuation, in almost any “dot com” company
-NASDAQ stock market rose 400% between 1995-2000
-Traditional metrics for valuing companies overlooked
-Most companies spent huge amounts on advertising and promotions in an effort to “get big fast” instead of trying to be profitable
-Often spent lavishly on employees (free food, release parties, etc.)
-March 10, 2000: NASDAQ peaks at 5,048
The “dot com” Bubble Bursts: 2000 - 2002
-Staring in April, 2000, NASDAQ stock market started falling
-By November, 2000, most Internet stocks had declined by 75%
-October 9, 2002: NASDAQ hits lowest level at 1,114 (down 78% from its peak)
-Many “dot com” companies (such as Pets.com) were liquidated
-Employees layoffs became common
-Some surviving companies (Amazon, Google, Ebay) came to dominate
The Mobile Revolution
-The “mobile Internet” refers to access to the Internet via a cellular telephone service provider
-Shift to mobile access begin in 2007, started accelerating in 2010
-Mobile browsers may still have interoperability and usability issues, though most sites are optimized to work with both
Growth of the Internet
-1993: The Internet accounted for 1% of information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks
-2000: 51%
-2007: 97%
Evolution of the Internet
-Intended to be a military network
-Until mid-1990’s was primarily an educational network
-Starting in mid-1990’s, became primarily a commercial network
The Internet vs The Web
-They are NOT the same thing
-The Internet - the hardware; i.e. the network of interconnected computer networks
-The Web - one of the services (like software) available on the Internet; others are e-mail, chat, newsgroups, VOIP
Getting Connected
-Bandwidth - the data transfer rate of a network, measured in kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps)
-Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - Companies that offer Internet access
=Dial-Up, Cable, DSL, FTTH (Fiber), Satellit
-Dial-Up
=First type of provider (early 1990’s)
=Uses traditional phone lines
=Very slow, max speed is 56 Kbps
Getting Connected (Continued)
-Cable
=Uses same coaxial cables used to provide cable TV
=One potential drawback is that you share the cable, and therefore bandwidth, with your neighbors. (Not as much of an issue as it used to be.)
=Typical speeds from up to 300 Mbps (can go up to 1 Gbps)
-DSL (Digital subscriber line)
Uses special digital phone lines
You must be within 3 miles of a service provider’s central office for fastest bandwidth
Typical speeds up to 100 Mbps
Web Browsers
-Most information on the web is in the form of web pages
-HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
-Web browsers used to display web pages (and other types of information)
=Microsoft Edge - Comes installed with Windows
==Also includes Internet Explorer, but you should not use
=Apple Safari - Comes installed with Mac OSX
=Mozilla Firefox - Open source successor to Netscape Navigator
=Google Chrome - Claims to be faster, use less memory than other browsers
-Mobile browsers for smartphones, tablets
Getting Connected (Continued) 2
-Fiber Optic, also known as FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home)
=Uses fiber optic cables
=Not as widely available as Cable and DSL
=Typical speeds up to 1 Gbps (can be up to 10 Gpbs)
Fastest and most reliable of the ISP services
-Wireless
=Cellular service
==3G/4G/5G (5G speeds may be up to 1 Gbps)
==Some smartphones can serve as a wi-fi hotspot
=Satellite
==Usually costs more, not as reliable
==Typical speeds up to 15 Mpbs
=Municipal wi-fi, public wi-fi hotspots
