1.1 Flashcards
Central Processing unit (CPU)
Processes instructions, controls other parts of the computer; continuously runs the Fetch-decode-execute cycle to make things happen on the computer.
Control Unit (CU)
Sends signals to the CPU’s other components and controls their actions. Reads the instructions from memory and tells the computer how to carry them out. Manages the flow of data between the CPU and other parts of the computer.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Handles basic mathematical calculations (like adding and subtracting). Performs logical calculations such as comparing numbers (>, <) or bitwise operations (AND, NOT, OR, XOR, XAND, NAND etc).
Buses
helps different parts of the computer communicate and work together by transporting data, addresses and control signals.
Registers
Registers act as fast, temporary storage areas that help the CPU perform tasks quickly and efficiently by holding data and instructions needed for processing.
Control Bus
Bi directional, Controls signals that tell the different parts of the computer what to do, like when to read or write data.
Data bus
Bi directional, Carries the data that is being processed, moves data between the CPU, memory and other parts of the computer.
Address bus
Uni directional, This bus carries the memory addresses where data is read or written to. Tells the computer where to find or place data.
Accumulator (ACC)
Stores the results of calculations made by the ALU.
Program Counter (PC)
Keeps track of where the computer is in the program. Holds the next instruction for what the CPU is going to execute.
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Holds the memory address where data is written to or from.
Memory Data Register (MDR) - also memory buffer register
Temporarily holds the data that is being transferred to or from memory.
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
Holds the instructions that are currently being executed.
