1.1-1.4 + 8.5 - Biodiversity, Classification, Phylogeny

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The number & variety of species and ecosystems on Earth

Question 2

Genetic diversity

Answer 2

Genetic variability among organisms; usually referring to individuals of the same species (genetic makeup differences)

Question 3

Species diversity

Answer 3

Variety of species in an ecosystem and the number of individuals within each of those species

Question 4

Structural diversity

Answer 4

Range of physical sizes, shapes, & distribution of individuals as well as habitats & communities in an ecosystem

Question 5

Types of species interaction (for structural diversity)

Answer 5

Food supply - Boneworms eat bones of whales

Protection - Ants protect cecropia trees (and the trees give the ants shelter)

Transportation - Flower mites on hummingbirds bills

Reproduction - Woodpeckers’ nests inside trees

Hygiene - Large fish get teeth cleaned by shrimp and other small fish

Digestion - Bacteria eats vitamins in human intestine

Question 6

Dichotomous key

Answer 6

Series of branching, two part-statements to identify organisms. It can help identify species.

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

Science of classifying all organisms (living & fossil species)

Question 8

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 8

Genus name + specific name = species name

Question 9

Taxa (singular is taxon)

Answer 9

Categories to classify organisms

Question 10

7 taxas

Answer 10

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Most inclusive to most specific

Question 11

Phylogeny

Answer 11

Study of evolutionary relatedness between, and among, species

Question 12

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 12

Diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or group

Question 13

Clade

Answer 13

A taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants

*Protista is the only kingdom that does not represent a clade

Question 14

Prokaryote

Answer 14

Single-celled organisms that do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

Ex. bacteria

Question 15

Eukaryote

Answer 15

Organism where cells have unicellular & multi-cellular membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

Domain

Answer 16

highest taxonomic level

Question 17

3 domains (and what kingdoms do they have in them, cell type, and number of cells)

Answer 17

Eubacteria - has kingdom eubacteria - prokaryrote - unicellular

Archaea - has kingdom archaea - prokaryote - unicellular

Eukaryotes - has kingdoms protista, animals, plants, & fungi - eukaryote - multicellular

*protists and fungi are both multicellular and unicellular

Question 18

Cladograms

Answer 18

are used to illustrate the evolutionary relationships, or phylogeny, of different groups of species or organisms