1.1-1.4 Flashcards
2 things for life to have evolved
origin of elements that support life
establishment of conditions that allowed life
Iron Catastrophe
heavier metals sink towards center and iron forms magnet that protects from radiation
zircons
stones that contain water
tell us about when we had water on earth
ingredients for origin of life
- basic elements and organic compounds
- complex bio molecules capable of replication
- membrane enclosure
- selection and evolutionary change
Eagle Nebula
shows the Pillars of Creation
element that star dies at
iron
most common elements in life
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Stanley Miller Experiments
combined: H2, CH4, NH2, sparking device
formed: amino acids and specific organic compounds
what initiates DNA replication
RNA
RNA does
regulates gene expression
repairs genes
carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
ribosomes are made of
RNA and Protein
what catalyzes reactions
proteins known as enzymes
ribozymes
catalytic RNAs
RNA replicases
catalyze their own synthesis
“RNA World” coined by
Walter Gilbert
lipid bilayer
phospholipids with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
emergence
simple things coming together to do complex things
Carsonella Ruddii
simplest known bacteria with 182 genes
Major Periods
- Hadean Eon
- Archean
- The Great Oxidation Event
- Snowball Earth
- Phanerozoic Eon
top 10 evolutionary events
- protocells
- bacteria & archaea
- photosynthetic bacteria
- snowball earth
- ediacaran
- cambrian explosion
- colonization of land
- permian extinction
- cretaceous extinction
- age of mammals
evolution of cellular life
bacteria > archaea > eukaryotes
features common to eukaryotes and prokaryotes
- enclosed membrane
- store hereditary info
- replicate DNA
- use RNA for transcription
- translate RNA into proteins
- use proteins as catalysts
- use ATP for energy
stromalite fossil
constructed by cyanobacteria AKA “blue-green algae”
photosynthesis
uses energy from protons to split water and extract electrons
