1.1-1.4

Question 0

natural selection

Answer 0

ONE mechanism that can lead to evolution where differences in survival and reproduction of individuals causes some genetic types to replace or outcompete others

Question 1

lineage

Answer 1

• chain of ancestors and their descendants
• could be successive generations of organisms in single population, members of entire species during geological time interval, or group of related species descending from common ancestor

Question 2

convergent evolution

Answer 2

• independent origins of similar traits in separate lineages
  eg. modern whales have traits of marine creatures (flippers) even though they are of a different (mammalian) lineage?

Question 3

homology

Answer 3

• characteristics similar in two or more species because they are inherited by common ancestor
  eg. lungs and mammary glands in both modern whales and humans (land mammals)

Question 4

synapomorphy

Answer 4

• derived form of a trait that is shared by a group of related species (trait evolved in common ancestor which was passed on to descendants) –>considered a lineage?
  eg. cetaceans–>whales (share involucrum which is dense bone in middle ear)

Question 5

Dorudon

Answer 5

• involucrum
• flippers
• different teeth (land mammalian-like teeth as opposed to pegs/baleen found in whales)

Question 6

Pakicetus

Answer 6

• teeth like Dorudon
• oldest cetacean fossil
• lived in shallow water (whale that lived on land)

Question 7

Amblocetus

Answer 7

• a whale that could walk

- had involucrum

Question 8

artiodactyls

Answer 8

• cows, goats, camels, hippos
• DNA similar to cetaceans
• synapomorphy (astragulus=ankle bone) in cet and art.

Question 9

phylogeny

Answer 9

• visual rep. of evolutionary history of populations, genes, or species
• splitting of lineages
• analyze morphology and genes