11-13 Flashcards
Continual exposure to __ lowers the bodies ability to cope with additional forms of psychological or physiological stress
Stress.
Physical, emotional and behavioral reactions or responses when events are identified as threatening or challenging
Stress
Cause of stress reaction:
Stressor.
Effects of undesirable stressors:
Distress.
Previously thought of as the effect of positive events but now is looked at as the optimal level of stress that we need to function and live well:
Eustress
Create stress by requiring adjustment:
Major life changes.
Measures the amount of stress in a persons life over a one year. Resulting from major life events:
Social readjustment rating scale.
College undergraduate version of the SRRS:
Collegiate undergraduate stress scale.
The order of the stress scales:
150 or below: optimal or no stress.
150-199: mild life crisis.
200-299: moderate life crisis.
300+: seek help. High chance of becoming ill.
Unpredictable large-scale events that create tremendous need to adjust or create overwhelming feelings of threat;”:
Catastrophe.
Frustrations, delays, irritations, or minor disagreements that are part of everyday life:
Hassles.
What are the three types of psychological stressors:
Pressure uncontrollability or frustration.
The type of conflict that has two desirable goals - no matter how you look at it, the situation is a win/win or lose/lose, with the same outcome regardless. “6 in one hand, half dozen in the other”
Approach-approach conflict.
The type of conflict that has two undesirable goals, and you can’t really go anywhere with the decision. “Stuck between a rock and a hard place”
Avoidance-Avoidance
The type of conflict that has both desirable and undesirable outcomes. They may not be desirable, but are a necessity.
Approach-Avoidance.
The natural survival response we have when threatened:
Fight or flight:
What happens to our bodies when our fight or flight instinct is kicked in:
Our pupils dilate, our heart rate increases, our bronchioles dilate, our lungs expand, our digestive system slows and are bladder contracts, cortisol and adrenaline hormones are released.
What are the three stages of the General adaptation syndrome:
Stage one-initial shock or alarm.
Stage two-resistance.
Stage three-adaption.
Attempts to determine “how threatening is this my well-being? “
Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal approach.
According to the first step of primary appraisal, if a threat is determined, negative emotions may arise and inhibit the person’s ability to cope with the threat.
Just know this.
What happens in secondary appraisal?
People who have identified a threat or harmful effect estimate the resources that they have available for coping with the stress.
ambitious, time conscious, hardworking, often hostile.
Type A.
Relaxed, less competitive than type A, slow to anger.
Type B.
Pleasant, repressed, internalizes anger and anxiety.
Type C.
Very much like type A, but lacks the hostility.
Hardy personality.
The scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by others.
Social psychology
The process in which others can directly or indirectly influenced thoughts, feelings and or behavior of an individual.
Social influence.
Changing ones own behavior to math that of other people:
Conformity.
Type of thinking that occurs when people go along with the group without assessing the acts, so that the group remains cohesive.
Groupthink.
People planted by a research team to influence the results of those around them.
A confederate.
What was the result of the ash study on conformity:
Participants knowingly picked the wrong answer if it is what those around them chose. However, participants were more likely to pick their initial guess to the answer if at least one other person chose the same.
Getting yourself in before unloading your request:
Foot in the door technique.
The larger quest comes first, followed by smaller requests along the way.
Door in the face technique.
Getting something for cheaper than the actual worth:
Lowball technique.
The persuader makes the offer, but before the decision is made they add another offer.
That’s not all technique.
What was the result of Milgram’s obedience experiment?
Teachers were asked to shock the learners, without knowing they weren’t actually shocking the participants. When reaching the point of hesitance, an authoritative figure would enter the room and tell them to keep going, and that he would take all of the responsibility. Despite their own feelings of wrong doing, the teachers continued with the shocks.
