11&12 Flashcards
The most devastating natural disaster in European history
Black Death
The long, exhausting struggle from 1337-1435 ended in expelling the English from all continental lands except the port of Calais
Hindered years war
She had visions from God and joined the military and helped the French find confidence changing the course of the war but was captured and burned at the stake
Joan of arc
The great counsel of barons
House of Lords
The representatives of the shires and boroughs l, who were considered less important.
House of Commons
The edict that stated four lay princes and three ecclesiastical rulers would serve as electors with the legal power to elect the king
Golden bull
The other northern Italian state which had grown rich from commercial activity in the eastern Mediterranean and Northern Europe
Republic of Venice
Where the new pope took up residence
Avignon
Saintly demeanor and claims of visions from God led the city of Florence to send her on a mission to pope Gregory XI
Catherine of Siena
There were two popes
Great schism
Wrote divine comedy
Dante Alighieri
Wrote the Canterbury tales
Geoffrey Chaucer
Introduced a new understanding of time
Clocks
Introduced a new way of protection for castles
Cannons
The birthplace of the modern world
Renaissance
Where Italian merchants came into contact with these powerful merchants who prospered during the Black Plague
Hanseatic league
The greatest banking establishment all controlled by one family
House of Medici
A fundamental handbook for European aristocrats for centuries
The book of Courtier
Five major powers that dominated the Italian peninsula
Italian states
Dominated the region of Tuscany
Republic of Florence
He wrote The Prince one of the most famous treaties on political power in the western world
Niccolò Machiavelli
The father of the Italian renaissance humanism
Petrarch
Played an important role in bribing the printing process to completion
Johannes Gutenberg
One of the great Italian renaissance artists, he represents a transitional figure in the shift to high renaissance principles
Leonard’s da Vinci
Blossomed as anointer at An early age; he attempted to achieve an ideal of beauty far surpassing human standards
Raphael
An accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect. Another giant of the high renaissance. Driven by his passion and energy on a remarkable number of projects
Michelangelo
Made two trips to Italy and absorbed most of what the Italians could teach, as is evident in his mastery of the laws of perspective and renaissance theories of proportion
Albrecht Dürer
Annexed other Russian principalities and took advantage of dissension among the mongols to grow off their yoke by 1480
Ivan III
Beginning in northeastern Asia Minor in the thirteenth century, the ottoman Turks spread rapidly, seizing the lands of Seljuk Turks and the Byzantine empire
Byzantine empire
Urged the elimination of the worldliness and corruption of the clergy and attacked the excessive power of the papacy within the Catholic Church
John Hus
