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604 EX 1 > 1.1 > Flashcards

1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

immunology

A

study of bodys defense mechanisms to protect itself from microorganisms and nonself tissues

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2
Q

Examples of microorganisms:

A

virus, staph, streptococcus, rod, parasite, trapanozome

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3
Q

Primary immune organs

A

bone marrow, thymus (where cells maturate)

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4
Q

all immune system cells come from a ________

A

hematopoietic stem cell

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5
Q

lymphoid cells

A

WBC, B cell, T cell, NK

discreet immmune fxn in body

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6
Q

myeloid cells

A

involved in phagocytosis and interaction with microorganisms

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7
Q

Concentrations of immune cells change when?

A

when you have an infection

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8
Q

neutrophils _____ during an infection

A

increase

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9
Q

the source of immune cells from months 1-4 of age come from the _____ while cells come from _____ once you hit 5 months

A

yolk sac, bone marrow

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10
Q

2 branches of the immune system

A

innate, adaptive

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11
Q

mechanisms of innate immunity

A

Fast
fixed
limited # of specificities
constant during response

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12
Q

mechanisms of adaptive response

A

slow
variable
many highly selective specificities
improve during response

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13
Q

what is the first defense of the immune sys?

A

skin

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14
Q

what is the 2nd defense?

A

mucosal membrane

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15
Q

what are some mechanical components of the immune system?

A

tight junctions, flow of perspiration, urine, tears, etc

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16
Q

what are some chemical components of the immune system?

A

sebum, acidity, lysozomes

17
Q

what are some microbiological components of the immune system?

A

normal flora on skin, GI tractm resp tract, etc

all surfaces have anti-microbial peptides and specific molecules that protect the area.

18
Q

When bacteria is eaten by effector cells, _______ are made/secreted, and these go into the blood and stimulate the influx of neutrophils and macrophages

A

cytokines

19
Q

________ and ____allow fluid, protein, and inflammatory cells to leave the blood and enter tissue

A

vasodilataion and inc vascular permeability

20
Q

influx of fluid, protein, inflammatory cells causes?

A

heat, inflammation, swelling, pain

21
Q

steps of phagocytosis?

A
  1. bacterial surface induces cleavage/activation of complement
  2. one comp fragment bonds to the bacterium, one attracts an effector cell
  3. receptor on the effector cell binds to the receptor on the bacteria
  4. effector cell engulfs the bacteria and kills it
22
Q

pathogens usually reach the heart through the ______

A

lymphatics

23
Q

there are fewer lymphocytes in the ______

A

veins

24
Q

binding of bacteria to phagocytic receptors on macrophages induces ______-

A

engulfment and degradation

25
Q

binding of bacterial components to signaling receptors on macrophages induces ________

A

synthesis of inflammatory cytokines

26
Q

large reserves of _____ are stored in the bone marrow and are released when needed to fight infection. They engulf and kill bacteria, then die in the tissue and are eaten by macrophages

A

neutrophils

27
Q

4 hallmarks of inflammation

A
  1. heat (inc blood flow)
  2. pain (pressure on nerve endings)
  3. redness (influx hemoglobin)
  4. swelling
28
Q

activation of adaptive immune sys

A
  1. macrophages and dendritic cells attacking bacteria but not winning
  2. some bacteria picked up by dendritic cell enters the lymphatic vessel
  3. those move into the draining lymph node
  4. int bw dendritic cell and B/T cell
  5. interaction is highly specific
29
Q

lymph node has what different sections?

A
30
Q

lymph node has what different sections?

A
31
Q

no _______ coming in to gut-associated lymphoid tissue

A

afferent lymphatics

32
Q

______ transports material into the body. allows material from gut lumen into body which will then be screened for pathogens

A

M cell

33
Q

Adaptive immunity first vs second response

A

1st response isnt very big, but when you see antigen again, the response is bigger!
highly specific and good memory

604 EX 1 (5 decks)

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