10B- reactions of acids and bases-Table 1 Flashcards
Define antacid
a weak base that is used to neutralise stomach acid
Define heartburn
a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the oesophagus
Define indigestion
pain or 1discomfort in the stomach
or
Indigestion can be pain or discomfort in your upper abdomen (dyspepsia) or burning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn).
Define metal hydroxide
compound that neutralises acids to form a salt and water
Define metal carbonate
compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide
Define metal hydrogen carbonate
compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide
Define neutralisation reaction
a reaction between an acid and an alkali or base that forms a salt and water
Define ulcer
a break in the lining of an organ like the stomach
define Alginate(n.)
-Alginate(n.)=a salt of alginic acid when
combined with gastric juices forms a foamy gel.
acid + metal carbonate
acid + metal carbonate→ ionic salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal hydrogencarbonate
acid + metal hydrogencarbonate→ionic salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal hydroxide
acid + metal hydroxide→ionic salt + water
acid + base (aka general neutralisation equation)
acid + base →ionic salt + water
how to write ionic equations
everything thats aqueous splits, everything that isn’t (g, l, s) stay the same
Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) and solid magnesium
carbonate, MgCO3(s), in aqueous solution.
Acid + metal carbonate → ionic salt + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Therefore, the overall balanced equation is:
2HCl(aq) + MgCO3(s) → MgCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
This equation can be rewritten to show all individual ions:
2H+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) + MgCO3(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
As a spectator ion, it can be omitted from the balanced ionic equation:
2H+(aq) + MgCO3(s) → Mg2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(FELIX NOTE=SPECTATOR IONS ARE IONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE CHEMICAL REAACTION)
Write the full equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), and sodium hydroxide,
NaOH(aq), in aqueous solution.
The general equation for an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide is:
acid + metal hydroxide → ionic salt + H2O(l)
The ionic salt in this reaction will be formed from the conjugate base/anion of the acid (SO4 2−) and the cation from the metal hydroxide (Na+). Therefore, the overall (unbalanced) equation is:
H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
The Na and H must then be balanced, producing the overall balanced equation:
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
what are antacids
antacids are weak bases that are used to treat the symptoms of excess concentrated hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach
why can’t strong bases be used as antacids
they will corrode the internal linings within the body, causing severe permanent damage
magnesium hydroxide: antacid neutralisation reaction
Mg(OH)2(l) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
magnesium hydroxide: antacid action and side effect
Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is very fast acting.
Acts as a laxative.
aluminium hydroxide: antacid neutralisation reaction
Al(OH)3(l) + 3HCl(aq) → AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
aluminium hydroxide: antacid action and side effect
Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is slower acting.
Can cause constipation.
sodium hydrogen carbonate: antacid neutralisation reaction
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
sodium hydrogen carbonate: antacid action and side effect
Commonly taken as a soluble tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
calcium carbonate: antacid neutralisation reaction
CaCO3(s) +2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
calcium carbonate: antacid action and side effect
Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
How do antacids work
-How antacids work=
-antacids bases, which neutralise stomach acid
-reaction will produce salt, water, and sometimes carbon dioxide(dependent on the antacid)
-some antacids can form alginate, which stops the acid from reaching the oesophagus
-Alginate(n.)=a salt of alginic acid when combined with gastric juices forms a foamy gel.
-antacids are also weak bases, not strong bases=to prevent them from reacting with stomach(caustic).
Antacid
profile=Alka-Seltzer
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
-type=Dissolvable
table
-active
ingredient=sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a soluble tablet and is very fast acting. Bloating,
burping and flatulence.
-reaction=NaHCO3(s)
+ HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Antacid
profile=Tums
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
-type=Chewable
tablet
-active
ingredient=calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
-reaction=
CaCO3(s)
+ HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Antacid
profile=Mylanta(Aka=Milk of magnesia)
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
-type=Chewable
table or liquid
-active
ingredient=magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is very fast acting.
Acts as a laxative.
-reaction=Mg(OH)2(l)
+ 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Antacid
profile=QuickEze
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
-type=Chewable
tablet
-active
ingredient=calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a chewable tablet and is very fast acting.
Bloating, burping and flatulence.
-reaction=CaCO3(s)
+2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Antacid
profile=Amphogel
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
-type=liquid
-active
ingredient=Aluminium hydroxide
-Action and side
effects=Commonly taken as a liquid suspension gel and is slower acting. Can
cause constipation.
-reaction=Al(OH)3(l)
+ 3HCl(aq) → AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Fun facts to not
covered antacids discoverable in questions
(may not be
necessary to remember but nice to know)
Titralac(liquid)
Amphogel(tablet)
