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109: U4: Chronic Resp Disorders > 109: U4: Resp Meds > Flashcards

109: U4: Resp Meds Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Decongestants Action

A

Stimulate receptors in nose causing vaso-constriction.

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2
Q

Decongestants SE’s

A

Insomnia.

Minimal: Jittery, nervousness, seizures in elderly, increased BP (in people prone to it).

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3
Q

Decongestants Drug Names

A

Pseudophedrine (Sudafed)
ephedrine (Ephedsol): systemic
oxymetazoline (Afrin): local (can only use nasal spray for 3 days max - rebound congestion can occur)

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4
Q

Decongestants Routes

A

PO

Nasal Inhaler

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5
Q

Decongestants NI’s

A

Do not give to pts with HTN or pts with glaucoma. Don’t use long term.

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6
Q

Antitussives Action

A

Suppresses cough center in medulla

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7
Q

Antitussives SE’s

A

CNS and resp depression only with codeine.

N, V, A, Constipation, Rash, Urine retention

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8
Q

Antitussives Drugs

A

Codeine

Dextromethorphan (mainly used - not many SE’s)

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9
Q

Antitussives Routs

A

PO

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10
Q

Antitussives NI’s

A

Use for a non-productive cough. Increase fluids for constipation and to loosen secretions. Use at HS so people can sleep (suppressing a cough also suppresses the mechanism getting stuff out of the lungs).

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11
Q

Expectorants Action

A

Loosens secretions so they can be coughed up.

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12
Q

Expectorants SE’s

A

Nausea/Vomiting, Drowsiness

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13
Q

Expectorants Drugs

A

Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex)

Robitussin is short acting, Mucinex is a 12 hour tablet.

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14
Q

Expectorants Route

A

PO

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15
Q

Expectorants NI’s

A

Drugs do not work unless you are hydrated! Drink at least 2 liters a day.

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16
Q

Sympathomimetics Action.

A

Bronchodilators (beta adrenergic agonists). Cause dilation of the bronchi.

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17
Q

Sympathomimetics SE’s

A 
MDI: mouth dryness, throat irritation.
Systemic: tremor
headache
nervousness
increased HR
cough
insomnia
palpitations
increased blood sugar
angina
dysrhythmias
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18
Q

Sympathomimetics Drugs

A

metaproterenol (Alupent) - acute S/S
albuterol (Proventil) - rescue med
levalbuterol (Xopenex) - Less SE’s, short acting
salmeterol (Serevent) - preventative, long acting (starts working after 1 hour)

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19
Q

Sympathomimetics Route

A

Frequently administered by MDI (1-2 puffs)
Nebulizer
Combinations

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20
Q

Sympathomimetics NI’s

A

Check HR, RR, breath sounds before and after.
Angina: monitor HR
Diabetics: monitor blood sugar
Can use albuterol before exercise

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21
Q

Methylxanthines Action

A

Bronchodilators. (Xanthine derivatives). Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Well absorbed PO - interacts with beta blockers and cimetidine.

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22
Q

Methylxanthines SE’s

A

Many Drug Interactions!!

Anorexia, N/V, heartburn, cardiac dysrhythmias, increased BP, increased HR, nervousness, palpitations.

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23
Q

Methylxanthines Drugs

Study These Flashcards
A

Aminophylline (IV)

Theophylline (PO) (Theodor)

24
Q

Methylxanthines Routes

25
Methylxanthines NI's
Smoking will decrease effectiveness. Narrow therapeutic range (10-20). Caffeine intensifies SE's. Check drugs for interactions.
26
Anti-Cholinergics Action
Bronchodilator. Results in bronchodilation by blocking the action of acetylcholine.
27
Anti-Cholinergics SE's
N/V, Cramps, dizziness, drying to oral mucosa, cough,, flushing of skin, bad taste, blurred vision, Anticholinergic SE's.
28
Anti-Cholinergics Drugs
ipratropium (Atrovent) tiotropium (Spiriva) ipratropium and albuterol (Combivent or Duoneb)
29
Anti-Cholinergics Routes
Discus HHN MDI Nasal spray
30
Anti-Cholinergics NI's
Do not over use. Assess for HTN and glaucoma. Do NOT use with BPH (urinary retention, blurred vision).
31
Anti-Inflammatory Uses
Should be used for anyone with persistent asthma s/s. Inflammation symptoms of asthma triggered by allergic and environmental stimuli (release of eosinophils).
32
Glucocorticoids
Decrease inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Used in combo with bronchodilators. Decreases edema. Blocks late phase response and decreases hyperresponsiveness. Inhibits release of mediators
33
Anti-Inflammatory SE's
MDI: oral fungal infections, hoarseness, dry cough. PO or IV: many SE's. Osteoporosis, immunosuppression, GI distress, increased blood sugar, weight gain, skin and muscle breakdown, edema. Especially with long term use. Thrush is the main SE.
34
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
MDI's: triamcinolone (Azmacort) beclomethasone (Vanceril) fluticasone (Flovent) (Advair diskus is a combo of salmeterol and fluticasone) PO: prednisone, prednisolone (Orapred) IV: methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol) : rescue med only when used IV.
35
Anti-Inflammatory Routes
PO (chewable) MDI IV (rescue med)
36
Anti-Inflammatory NI's
Wash mouth after use. PO: Take with food/milk (d/t GI upset). Watch blood sugar, BP, immune system. Watch for s/s of Cushings. Wean off if on >1 week d/t acute adrenal insufficiency (No BP, No BS). Inhaled takes up to three weeks to get effect.
37
Leukotriene Action
Decreases inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Used for asthma, not COPD. Controller med.
38
Leukotriene SE's
Generally few: | Dizziness, fatigue, headache, GI, cough, nasal congestion.
39
Leukotriene Drugs
montelukast (Singulair)
40
Leukotriene Routes
PO and chewable PO
41
Mast Cell Stabilizers Action
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Used prophylactically. Can be used wlong with bronchodilators. Inhibits the release of histamine and other mediators. Decrease inflammation and irritation: inhibits immediate response and prevents late response.
42
Mast Cell Stabilizers SE's
Cough, bad taste, throat irritation, rash, headache, N/V
43
Mast Cell Stabilizers Drugs
cromolyn (Intal) nedocromil (Tilade): Inhaled anti-inflammatory. Not used often. Must give 4x a day = poor compliance.
44
Mast Cell Stabilizers Routes
MDI Neb Nasal (for allergies)
45
Mast Cell Stabilizers NI's
Water before and after (for bad taste) | Do NOT d/c abruptly.
46
Mucolytics Action
Liquify and loosen secretions. | Also increases hepatic glutathione, which is necessary for inactivation of toxic metabolites in Tylenol overdose.
47
Mucolytics SE's
N/V, oral sores, dizziness, drowsiness, rhinnorhea, bronchospasm.
48
Mucolytics Drugs
acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
49
Mucolytics Routes
HHN
50
Mucolytics NI's
Smells like rotten eggs. Wash face after and provide gum/candy.
51
Anti-immunoglobulin E antibody Use
Allergic type moderate to persistent asthma
52
Anti-immunoglobulin E antibody SE's
Risk for anaphylaxis
53
Anti-immunoglobulin E antibody Drugs
omalizumab (Xolair) : long term usage
54
Anti-immunoglobulin E antibody Route
SQ every 2-3 weeks
55
Anti-immunoglobulin E antibody NI's
For kids >12 years old. Dose is based on serum IgE levels. Must sit for 2 hours after dose is given (d/t risk for anaphylaxis).

109: U4: Chronic Resp Disorders (4 decks)

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