107 exam 4 Flashcards
AP position
-supine and taken portable
-film placed behind the pts back and machine is placed in front of pt, 48 inches from film
-heart is magnified
PA position
-standard x-ray
-pt stands or sits in an upright position
-pts anterior chest in pressed against a film cassette holder
lateral positions
-pts arms are raised with forearms resting on their head
-taken with side of the pts chest compressed against the film cassette
lateral decubitus position
pt is lays on either right of left side of the suspected pleural effusion
cardiothoracic ratio
-the ratio looks at the width of the heart compared to the width of the entire thorax
-the heart should be 50% (0.5) or less than the size of the thorax
emphysema on cxr
-long narrowed heart
-flattened diaphragms from all air trapping
-radiolucent (black) lung fields
-widened spaces between the ribs
pneuomothroax on cxr
-radiolucent (black) avascular on the affected side
-flattened diaphragm on the affected side
-compressed lung on the affected side
pulmonary edema on cxr
-enlarged heart
-fluffy infiltrates near the hilar region
pleural effusion on cxr
-a dependent opacity with a meniscus-shaped contour
air cyst
thin-walled radiolucent area surrounded by normal lung tissue
bleb
also called a bullae, it is more superficial (to the surface) near the pleural space
bullae
a large thin-walled radiolucent area surrounded by normal lung tissue
bronchogram
radiolucent branching of the tracheal tree seen at an area that you normally do not see the branching
cavity
radiolucent area surrounded by dense tissue. May be fluid filled
consolidation
radio-dense/white area that should be air-filled. Common in pneumonia
homogeneous denisty
uniformly shaped white density.May be a tumor
honeycombing
netlike density
infiltrate
ill-defined density. Term commonly used
interstitial density
interstitial thickening
kerely A & B lines
-horizontal opaque lines seen with pulmonary edema
-they represent fluid in the septa
-A lines radiate from the hilum
-B lines radiate from the periphery
lesion
alteration of the tissue- lost its ability to function properly
opacity
white or radio-dense
pleural density
density in the pleural space cause by fluid, scarring, tumor or inflammation
pulmonary mass
lesion that is 6 cm or larger and is associated with tumors
pulmonary nodule
-lesion that is less than 6 cm
-also called a coin lesion
radiodensity
white (solid) radio-opaque
radiolucency
translucent, black (air)
reticulonodular
netlike density with small white nodules (spots)
silhouette sign
when the margin of a structure (such as the heart) is obscured by an opacity in the lung that is adjacent to the structure
translucent
black or radiolucent
list the sequence of the exam when inspecting a cxr
1.Mediastinum (trachea, heart, hilar region)
2.lungs + pleura
3.diaphragm + bones
4.gastric bubble
5.extrathoracis soft tissue
overexposure on cxr
radiolucent
underexposure on cxr
dense or whiter
patient position for cxr
check the medial ends of the clavicles to the vertebral column, even a small degree of pt rotation can create false images
blunted costophrenic angle
pleural effusion
air bronchogram
-pneumonia
-atelectasis
fulffy bat wing pattern near the hilar region
-chf
-pulmonary edema
avascular area
pneumothorax
flattened diaphragms
-copd
-air-trapping
long narrow heart with bilateral increased lung radiolucency
air trapping such as copd
increased retrosternal space
-emphysema
-copd
-asthma
bilateral “white out” with a ground glass apperance
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