1067-1075

Question 1

What reasons did William have to undertake the Harrying of the North?

Answer 1

• The Norman earl of Northumbria(Robert Cumin) and his men were slaughtered in 1069
• thousands of Norman had been killed in York
• rebellions kept taking place in the north and they were triggering rebellions elsewhere in the country
• there was a threat of Danish invasion

Question 2

Why were the Marcher Earldoms set up?

Answer 2

To stop the welsh raiding and threat of invasion
To push further into Wales
To punish the welsh for their support of Eardric the Wild in his 1065 rebellion

Question 3

What were the consequences of the Marcher Earldoms ?

Answer 3

• Tax exemption meant that they could use the money to build defenses
• Allowed for grater defense of the Welsh border
• meant that it was harder for someone to start a rebellion as the earldoms became smaller

Question 4

What were the short-term consequences of the Harrying of the North?

Answer 4

• people fled the North as there was no hope of planting new crops
• people starved or froze to death

Question 5

What were the long-term consequences of the Harrying of the North?

Answer 5

• 60% of Yorkshire was classed as waste (1086)
• there were between 80,00 and 150,000 fewer people (1086)
• reduced chances of Danish invasion into Northumbria

Question 6

What were the three marcher earldoms called and who were the earls?

Answer 6

Hugh d’Avranches : earl of Chester
Roger Montgomery : earl of Shrewsbury
William FitzOsbern : Earl of Hereford