1042-1065 Flashcards
Please add all appropriate info and stuff
Who was the King before 1066?
Edward the Confessor
What was the name of the King’s council?
The Witan
What were Saxon houses made from?
Wattle and Daub
In which year was Earl Godwin and his son exiled?
1051
What earldom was controlled by Tostig, and when was he appointed?
Northumbria, 1055
What was compensation for victims of crime called?
Wergild
What was the punishment for treason and betrayal?
Death.
How were trials conducted in Anglo-Saxon England?
Trials by juries made up of those who knew the accuser and the accused, or trials by ordeal if the jury couldn’t decide. There was also trial by combat.
What were Anglo-Saxon pennies made of?
German silver
How was England divided?
It was divided into four great earldoms, (Northumbria, Wessex, East Anglia and Mercia) and 3 smaller earldoms in the south east (Essex, Kent and Sussex). Then into shires(40 in the whole country), with each having a sheriff who collected taxes and oversaw justice; then hundreds (100 hides of land), and tithings (10 households)
Why were the Danelaw areas of England treated differently to the rest of the country?
They had been settled by Viking invaders, so they had different customs, traditions, language, and taxation.
Who was just below Earls in terms of power?
Thegns, who had to fight in return for their land
What were the responsibilities of an Earl?
They had to protect large amounts of land (their earldom), advise the King in the Witan, and enforce local laws.
Who passed laws in Anglo-Saxon England?
The King
Who had to choose the next King when one died?
The Witan
Who made Earl Godwin an earl in 1018, and of what earldom?
King Cnut, Wessex
What was the name of freemen who had their own land?
Ceorls, they also had to fight for the King if needed.
What percentage of people lived in towns before 1066?
10%
How many Godwins were earls in 1058?
Four: Harold, Tostig, Leofwine, Gyrth
Who did Harold and Tostig defeat in battle to make the King indebted to them?
Gruffud ap Llewelyn - Welsh prince
Who apparently captured Harold during his embassy to Normandy in 1064?
Count Guy de Pontieau
Who appointed Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury?
Earl Godwin
Who was summoned to England by Edward the Confessor in 1057?
Edward ‘the Exile’ and Edgar Aetheling
Why was there any uprising against Earl Tostig in 1065?
- he taxed Danelaw areas
- he killed people who could have rivaled him for his position
- He was friends with the Scottish king
Why was Edgar Aetheling not deemed a suitable heir?
He was a teenager at the time of the succession crisis, and was not showing signs of becoming a successful king
How many bishops were there in Anglo-Saxon England?
25, below 2 archbishops
What happened at the end of 1065?
Edward’s great project, Westminster Abbey, was consecrated (though he was too ill too attend)
What was the relationship between the Archbishops of York and Canterbury (pre-1066)?
They were of equal importance
