10.5 M Phase: chromosome segregation and division of cytoplasmic contents

Question 1

Phases of Mitosis (M Phase)

Answer 1

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase (late prophase)
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

• disassembling of nucleus,cytoskeleton,Golgi, ER
• spindle apparatus forms
• chromosomes are visible, coiled

Question 3

Prometaphase

Answer 3

• condensed chromosomes attach to spindle by kinetochores;
• attached to centromere region of each sister chromatid
• microtubules at opposite poles of spindle

Question 4

Metaphase

Answer 4

• all chromosomes aligned in middle (metaphase plate)
• chromosomes attached to opposite poles
• loss of cohesin between sister chromatids brings cell into anaphase
• preparation for separation of sister chromatids checked before continuing cycle

Question 5

Anaphase

Answer 5

• begins when centromeres split down middle
• separation of sister chromatids resulting in genetic material
• key:removal of cohesin proteins from all chromosomes
• chromosomes pull to opposite poles
• spindle poles move apart

Question 6

Telophase

Answer 6

• chromosomes uncoil and become invisible(decondense)
• nucleus,Golgi,ER reform
• spindle apparatus is broken down
• prophase in reverse

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

• cleavage of cell into two halves (cell division)

- division of cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells

Question 8

Mitosis is used for what

Answer 8

1. Asexual reproduction (one parent)
2. Growth
3. Repair

Question 9

After mitosis (PMAT) is complete what is the outcome?

Answer 9

-two identical daughter cells

Question 10

Cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 10

• form internal membrane called cell plate states at interior and extends out to plasma membrane
• form spindle apparatus during division
• do NOT use centrioles

Question 11

Aster

Answer 11

• array of microtubules that extend toward plasma membrane

- in animal cells

Question 12

During mitosis in human cells, what are separated and sorted so daughter cells receive 46 chromosomes?

Answer 12

-chromatids

Question 13

metaphase plate

Answer 13

• during metaphase
• half way between the poles
• kinetochore microtubules move chromosomes to middle of cell (metaphase plate) where they are lines up

Question 14

When does cell division take place?

Answer 14

-after mitosis is completed

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

• division of the nucleus

- chromatids are separated and sorted to each daughter cell has 46 chromosomes

Question 16

Cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 16

• cleavage furrow pinches cell until it divides in two

- aster

Question 17

Anaphase A

Answer 17

• sister chromatids pulled toward opposite poles

- kinetochore microtubules attached to poles are shortened

Question 18

Mitosis(nuclear division) occurs in what organisms?

Answer 18

1. plants
2. animals
3. most protists

Question 19

Cells divide into two equal halves during what phase in the cell cycle?

Answer 19

-cytokinesis

Question 19

Anaphase B

Answer 19

• poles move apart

- flexible membrane is elongated

Question 20

Cell plate

Answer 20

• in plants
• expanding membrane partition that grows outward
• fuses with plasma membrane

Question 21

Middle lamella

Answer 21

• in plants

- the space between daughter cells filled with pectins

Question 22

Separation of sister chromatids occurs during what phase?

Answer 22

Anaphase