10.2 Eukaryotic chromosomes Flashcards
1
Q
Mitosis
A
- nuclear division
- duplicated chromosomes separate for form two genetically identical daughter nuclei
2
Q
Number of eukaryotes chromosomes
A
10-50 chromosomes in body cells
3
Q
Humans have how many chromosomes and how many pairs?
A
- 46 chromosomes
- 23 nearly identical pairs
- 23 (mother)
- 23 (father)
4
Q
monosomy
A
-human embryos missing even one chromosome
5
Q
trisomy
A
-having extra copy of one chromosome
6
Q
homologues chromosomes
A
-maternal and paternal copies of same chromosome
7
Q
sister chromatids
A
-each half of the X chromosomes
8
Q
what holds chromosomes together
A
-centromeres are held together by cohesion proteins after DNA replication
9
Q
Chromatin
A
- DNA & proteins
- in eukaryotic chromosomes
- condense to form visible chromosomes in prophase
10
Q
How does DNA fit inside cell if it is 140 million nucleotides long?
A
-has to package DNA to make it fit inside cell
11
Q
Heterochromatin
A
- DNA not expressed
- domain of chromatin
- tightly compacted
12
Q
Euchromatin
A
- DNA that is expressed
- domain of chromatin
- compacted but not as tight
13
Q
Nucleosome
A
- complex of DNA &histone proteins
- like a pearl necklace
14
Q
Histones
A
- positively charged
- highly attracted to negatively charged phosphate groups of dna
- Its positive charge attracts negatively charged DNA
15
Q
solenoids
A
- nucleosomes coiled
- like peals on a string
