105- Lesson 2 "Rise of Insantiy" Flashcards
How did religion contribute to the early development of psychology?
Early religious scholars were interested in considering connections between and mind and the SOUL
Stone age - evil spirits. Practices trepanation (drilling holes in the skull) - the practice of drilling holes in people’s heads to allow evil spirits to escape.
Middle Ages - Insanity might not be caused by demonic possessions. Recommend removing “insane” when removed from stressful environments.
How did **philosophy **contribute to the early development of psychology?
Plato - Nativist
Early philosophers were interested in considering connections between and the **mind ** and our consciousness ** and in our understanding of reality.
Plato believed in the Transmigration of souls. Some knowledge from our previous lives comes with us into our new life called NATIVISM.
Tripartite Soul
1. Rational | Logical (truth seeking) IMMORTAL part
2. Spirited | Emotional (How feelings fuel your actions)
3. Appectitive | Physical desires (drives you to eat)
Madness= conflict between drives and rational soul
Brain is the seat of the soul
How did biology contribute to the early development of psychology?
Early biological scholars, the predecessors of biologists and doctors, were interested in the connection of the mind to the Brain and the body.
How did psychology’s history undermine confidence in psychological science?
**Phrenology **blurred publics distinction between phrenology and scientific psychology.
Study of bumps on the head.
Malleus Maleficarum
Hammer of Witches Book - to hunt down people with insanity/witchcraft etc.
Aristotle (student of Plato)
Brain was mainly responsible for cooling blood
Heart was the most important part of the body. He did not believe heart and soul were different parts of the body.
Both believe in internal conflict. Between needs and socially acceptable.
Father of Science.
Rational empiricist that knowledge comes from observations and expereience.
Aristotle believed that the conflict was between a person’s
biological drives and their socially determined moral codes. For example,
if we’re poor and hungry, we might feel motivated to steal food but feel
conflicted because we know that is socially unacceptable and against the
law.
Madness= conflict between drives and moral codes
Frued incorporated Aristotle’s views on inner
conflict into his own views about personality
Aristotle - Four steps scienctific method
- Ask “what is the question”
- Define terms
- Review what other experts think
- Explain what you think
Saint Augustine
Exntended Plato’s idea.
Free will (choice) and human nature (behavior)
Humans must choose to do good
- Divine faith
- Derived reason/thought
Contibuted to the identity of modern psychology
Alcmaeon of Croton
Brain is our biological control center
Biological factors, not spriitual factors, drive health
Promoted naturalistic medicine.
Dissected human
Hippocrates
Physical and mental illness (not spiritual)
Father of MODERN medicine
Named after the Hippocratic Oath for doctors
Believed both **physical **(not spiritual) and mental illness could be a result of imbalance of biological fluids, which he called humors.
He believed that illness arose from inherited susceptibilities or physical
injury
Earth, Air, Fire, Water
Hippocrates - biles and humors
Black Bile (Melancholic)
Yellow Bile (Fire) - (Choleric) aggressive, impulsive
Air (blood) (Manic epsiod/extravert)
Wtaer (Phlegm) (introver)
“Bedlam”
Bethlehem Hospital
Where patients were housed in prison like conditions
Josepth Gall
Phrenology
Pseudoscience - Phrenology defines peoples personality based on bumps on the skull.
Dr. Philippee Pinel
Developed early system of classifying and diagnosing mental illnes according to physical symptoms.
Used autopsies to refute opinion that brain lesions are cause of insaity.
Gave patients better living conditions. Runs hospital for the insane.
DSM
1700-1800s
Erasmus Darwin
Disease was a restult of - Disordered motion
believed that a balanced motion of bodily fluids was
necessary for health and well-being.
As a result, so-called treatments, like tumbling, were used to speed up the body’s internal motion. And treatments like ice water baths and starvation were used to slow the body’s internal motion.
