105 - History of Mental Illness

Question 1

What are the three general theories of etiology of mental illness. Describe each.

Answer 1

1. Supernatural
2. Somatogenic
3. Psychogenic

Question 2

What is trephination? With which of the three general theories of etiology of mental illness is it associated?

Answer 2

Drilling of holes in the skulls to allow evil spirits to escape.** SUPERNATURL**

Question 3

What is hysteria? With which of the three general theories of etiology of mental illness is it associated?

Answer 3

Greek coined the term from a wandering uterus. Later used Somatogenic treatment of strong smelling substances to guide the uterus back to it proper position.

Question 4

Greek physicians were most likely to adopt which theory of etiology of mental illness?

Answer 4

Somatogenic

Question 4

Hippocrates classified mental illness into what four categories?

Answer 4

1. Epilepsy
2. Mania
3. melancholia
4. brain fever

Question 5

Who opened the door for psychogenic explanations for mental illness? How did he do this?

Answer 5

Galen
By allowing for the experience of psychological stress as a potential cause of abnormality.

Question 6

In the 13th century the mentally ill began to be persecuted as witches. The reason why is based on which theory of the etiology of mental illness?

Answer 6

Supernatural

Question 7

In addition to housing the mentally ill, early asylums housed and confined what other types of people?

Answer 7

poor, unemployed, homeless & criminal

Question 8

Why did governments begin housing “undesirable” in asylums? These people were housed in exchange for what? What types of treatments were used?

Answer 8

War and economic depression.
In exchange for their personal liberty
Somotogenically - purges, bleedings, emetics

Question 9

During this time, how was insanity viewed? Why did people believe that instilling fear was the best way to restore a disordered mind to reason?

Answer 9

Likened the mentally ill to animals
It was believed they did not have the same physical sensativity so instilling fear was the suggestion.

Question 10

Why do the authors believe that a more humanitarian view of mental illness arose during the 18th and 19th centuries?

Answer 10

Protests rose over the conditions whill mentally ill lived in. Humanitarian rose from religion.

Question 11

What was different about Tuke’s York Retreat?

Answer 11

Patients were guests, not prisoners. Standard of care depended on dignity.

Question 12

The mental hygiene movement was based on which theory of the etiology of mental illness?

Answer 12

Philippe Pinel. Psychogenic. Humanitairian view

Question 13

What was the dominant psychogenic treatment for mental illness during the first half of the 20th century?

Answer 13

Psychoanalysis

Question 14

According to the authors, two etiological theories coexist today. Which two? How do they coexist?

Answer 14

Psychogenic & Somatogenic
A model in which the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is seen
as influencing the development of the individual.

Question 15

Why is a standardized diagnostic classification system with agreed-upon definitions of psychological disorders important?

Answer 15

Creates a shared language among mental-helath provides &** aids in clincial research**.

Question 16

What is the DSM? Why do the authors consider it to be imperfect?

Answer 16

Diagnostic and Statistics Manual
Tripled in size - contributing to labeling & stigmatizing mentally ill individuals.
Assumes behavior does not differ in degree but in kind, as opposed to a dimensional classification system that would plot disordered behavior along a continuum.