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Ground School > 105 Chapter 6 - Aircraft Systems 2 > Flashcards

105 Chapter 6 - Aircraft Systems 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system powers the flying controls, flaps, retractable undercarriage, wheel brakes etc.

A

Hydraulics

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2
Q

Advantages of hydraulics?

A 
Transmit high forces
Rapid and precise response
Simple
Good power to weight
Not effected by EM
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3
Q

When a force is applied in a confined column of fluid, how is the pressure transmitted throughout the fluid?

A

Equally in all directions

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4
Q

Ideal properties for hydraulic fluid?

A

Incompressible
Inflammable
Large operating window on temperature

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5
Q

Limitations and Hazards of hydraulic fluids?

A

Temperature and Aeration
Contamination
Flammable
Hazardous

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6
Q

Describe a basic hydraulic system, starting with the reservoir?

A

Reservoir, Filter, Pump, Accumulator, Pressure Control Valve, Directional control valve, Filter, Actuator, Filter, Reservoir

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7
Q

Describe a Drive Shaft pump?

A

Fluid let in through inlet port, Axial pistons are attached to the drive shaft. Pistons drive in and out drawing in fluid and expelling it under higher pressure. Increase in pressure is done by a rotary swash plate, whose angle determines displacement and direction of flow

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the Accumulator?

A

Absorb shocks and sudden changes in system pressure

Also used to maintain pressure when the pump ceases to operate.

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9
Q

How does an accumulator work?

A

Uses compressible Nitrogen gas, filled in area with piston at bottom with the hydraulic system on the other side. When pressure is applied to the hydraulic system this moves the piston and compresses the gas to the same pressure as the hydraulic system.

Due to the compressibility of the Nitrogen this allows it to absorb shock. When pump ceases to work or loss of pressure in the hydraulic this reserve pressure can be use to lock hydraulic in safe position.

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10
Q

What are common control valves?

A

Non-return
Pressure relief
Thermal relief

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11
Q

What does the actuator do in a hydraulic system?

A

Converts the hydraulic power into mechanical power

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12
Q

Why is it important for undercarriage gear hydraulics to work in sequence?

A

So the gear lowers correctly

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13
Q

What do military and civl aircraft design standards require about primary flying control systems?

A

That they have a back-up with the capacity to provide continued control for an indefinite period of time in the even of a failure of the main system.

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14
Q

What do military and civil aircraft design standards say about hydraulically powered secondary systems e.g. landing gear?

A

Back-up with the capacity to operate them for one use in the event of failure from main supply

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15
Q

Once the emergency use for landing gear is used, in almost all circumstances can you attempt to retract the gear?

A

No

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16
Q

What is a RAT?

A

Ram air turbine

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17
Q

Describe when you would use a RAT and how it works?

A

When you have a power failure to the pump but the hydraulic system still is operating.
The RAT is a turbine that goes into the airstream and can provide both hydraulic power and electrical power depending on aircraft design.

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18
Q

Give and advantage and disadvantage of a RAT?

A

Adv - Can provide power for an extended time

Dis adv - power output will lower with airspeed

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19
Q

What does three green light on the undercarriage system mean?

A

Gear is down and locked

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20
Q

What does three red lights on the undercarriage system mean?

A

Gear is moving between up and down

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21
Q

What component on the undercarriage design assists the dissipation of of force in the landing?

A

Shock absorber

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22
Q

What 3 basic features do retractable undercarriages have?

A

Doors and fairings
Sequencing
Jacks and linkages

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23
Q

What does and uplock do?

A

Mechanical lock to keep the gear in the up position in the event of a hydraulic failure

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24
Q

What does the down lock do?

A

Mechanical lock that keeps the gear in the down position in the event of a hydraulic failure

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25
What are 2 common types of downlock?
Geometrically locked hinged lever | Integral with extension jack
26
What does no lights on the undercarriage mean?
Gear is up and locked
27
What is the name of the switch which prevents accidental use of undercarriage system when not flying?
Weight on Wheels switch
28
Ideal design for aircraft wheels?
Light, small, easy to replace, good resistance to stress, accommodate braking and dissipate heat
29
Aircraft tyres are ____ to extend their life?
Re-treaded
30
What are the paint marks on tyres for?
They are creep marks, they are used to tell if a tyre is rotating around the rim due to the forces of landing
31
Brakes convert ________ energy into _______ energy?
Kinetic | Thermal
32
What is a fusible plug?
It is a device on a tyre that will melt and allow air to release under high temperature to prevent the tyre exploding and damaging equipment/injuring personnel
33
What are other methods of stopping other than brakes?
``` Air brakes Spoilers Parachutes Reverse thrust Traps/barriers ```
34
What material are discs made from to be able to operate in such high temps?
Carbon composites
35
What variables on landing effect the point of skidding?
Conditions on runway Vertical load i.e. aircraft weight and lift at a given time Retarding force applied to brakes
36
What is it called when an aircraft tyre skids along the top of the water and separates from the runway?
Aquaplaning
37
What system prevents wheels from locking up under braking?
Anti skid
38
What does anti skid do on touch down?
It keeps the brakes off to allow the wheels to spin up before allowing the brakes to be applied to prevent a lock up on landing
39
What is hypoxia?
The absence of oxygen to the body
40
What is hypoxia caused by in aircraft?
Ascent to altitude failure of equipment to supply pressure/oxygen decompression of cabin at altitude presence of toxic fumes
41
What effect of hypoxia occur up to 10000ft?
Little to no symptoms
42
What symptoms of hypoxia occur between 10000-15000ft?
Ability to perform tasks is progressively impaired Individual is unaware of impairment Physical exercise causes breathlessness Can induce headache
43
What symptoms of hypoxia occur between 15000-20000ft?
Marked impairment in performance Seated personnel suffer symptoms Simple tasks suffer aswell as complex Critical loss in judgement Loss of muscle co-ordination and clumsiness occur Emotional changes can occur including euphoria, garrulous or even violence. Above 18000ft blue lips, tongue etc can appear
44
Signs of hypoxia above 20000ft?
Even seated personnel have severe symptoms Mental performance and comprehension decline rapidly Unconsciousness and jerking of limbs
45
What can cause hyperventillation?
Anxiety rise in body temp vibrations hypoxia
46
Symptoms of Hyperventillation?
``` Tingling in hands, feet lips light headed/dizzy faintness spasms impaired performance unconsciousness ```
47
What are some effects of decompression sickness?
``` Bends Effects on skin - itching, blotches Chokes Neurological symptoms Collapse ```
48
What is a barotrauma?
Imbalance of pressure on the eardrum caused when middle ear cavities and sinuses fail to balance pressure through nose
49
Symptoms of Barotrauma?
Pain in ears Deafness Burst eardrum
50
What alt is cabin pressure set between?
6000-8000ft
51
What is the max rate of climb and max rate of descent for passenger aircraft for the pressurisation system?
500ft/min climb | 300ft/min descent
52
What is cabin differential pressure?
The pressure difference between the cabin and the atmosphere outside you are flying in measure in psi
53
What does the control module do in the pressurisation system?
Controls cabin pressure and rate of change
54
How does the control module depressurise the aircraft?
Through a discharge valve
55
What safety device prevent an over-pressurised cabin?
Safety relief valve, lets air outside if aircraft pressure exceeds tolerable limit
56
What safety device prevents under pressureisation?
Inward relief valve, allows air inside if outside pressure is greater than aircraft
57
Describe the air conditioning process on the aircraft?
Air taken from compressor of engine, fed to primary heat exchanger, through pressure reducing valve, to cold air unit and secondary heat exchanger, to a mixing chamber, into a water extractor and then into the cabin
58
What are the three types of oxygen systems?
Gaseous O2 Liquid 02 Molecular Sieve 02 concentrator
59
What are the advantages and disadvantages of gaseous o2?
Adv: Ready for immediate use simple oxygen not lost when not in use Dis Adv: Finite supply Heavy and bulky unsuitable as primary O2 supply
60
Advantages and Dis-Advantages of liquid O2?
``` Adv: Weight and bulk reduced simple More stored compared to gas Dis adv: Evaporation and venting loss means it needs constant recharging LOX takes a long time to stabilise Prone to contamination ```
61
Advantages and disadvantages of MSOC?
Adv: Efficient removal of contaminants unlimited supply Dis adv: Seperate gas supply still needed for ejection Not all MSOC are able to provide enough O2 i event of rapid cabin decompression
62
How long should emergency O2 last?
Usually 10 minutes
63
What are the three types of power sources for aircraft?
Primary Auxiliary Emergency
64
Give the primary sources of power?
Batteries | AC and DC generators powered from engine
65
Give the 3 Auxiliary power sources?
Ground power unit auxiliary power unit airborne auxiliary power unit
66
Give the 4 emergency power sources?
Batteries RAT Emergency power unit airborne auxiliary power unit
67
Generators convert ______ into _______ energy
Mechanical/kinetic | electrical

Ground School (2 decks)

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