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ACE EESFP Chapter 1 > 1.05 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

1.05 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular system?

A

A closed-circuit system composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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2
Q

What is another name for the cardiovascular system?

A

The circulatory system.

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3
Q

Describe the places blood travels in the circulatory system in order.

A

Blood travels from the heart into the arteries, then to the capillaries, then into the veins, and then back to the heart.

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4
Q

What is an artery?

A

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to viral organs and the extremities.

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5
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system.

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6
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from vital organs and the extremities.

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7
Q

What two systems work together to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues while removing waste, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products?

A

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

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8
Q

What is the fluid component of the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood.

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9
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid portion of blood.

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10
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a target organ.

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11
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

.The body’s preferred energy source. Dietary sources include sugars (simple) and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex). Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose.

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12
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein.

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13
Q

What are lipids?

A

The name for fats used in the body and bloodstream.

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14
Q

What are ions?

A

A single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative).

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15
Q

What things is blood responsible for carrying across the body?

A

Hormones, plasma proteins, food materials, ions, and gases.

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16
Q

What two systems are capillaries connected to?

A

The arterial and venous systems.

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17
Q

What are the reformed elements that form the portion of blood that is not plasma?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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18
Q

What are platelets?

A

The disc-shaped components of blood; involved in clotting.

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19
Q

What is blood’s primary function?

A

Transportation

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20
Q

What are two other important roles for the cardiovascular system?

A

Temperature regulation and acid-base balance

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21
Q

What transports the blood across the body?

A

Blood vessels

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22
Q

What are the five types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries.

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23
Q

Which blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries and arterioles

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24
Q

Which blood vessels return oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A

Veins and venules

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25
Q

Which blood vessels are the first to carry the blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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26
Q

Which blood vessels are formed as arteries branch into a “tree” of these smaller microscopic vessels?

A

Arterioles

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27
Q

What type of blood vessel is the aorta?

A

Artery

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28
Q

What condition is characterized by the hardening of the arteries and narrowing of arteries due to plaque accumulation?

A

Arteriosclerosis

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29
Q

Which blood vessels are formed when arterioles develop into “beds” of much smaller structures?

A

Capillaries

30
Q

What is an artery?

A

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.

31
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch out from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance.

32
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system.

33
Q

Which blood vessels serve as the connection between the arterial and venous systems?

A

Capillaries

34
Q

What two exchanges do capillaries very thin walls allow?

A

Materials between the blood, and interstitial fluid between the cells.

35
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

Fluid between the cells of body parts.

36
Q

Do arterial or venous vessels have thinner less elastic walls?

A

Venous vessels

37
Q

Which blood vessels carry the blood away from the capillary beds?

A

Small venous vessels called venules.

38
Q

Which blood vessels are formed as venules lead back toward the heart and become bigger in size?

A

Veins

39
Q

What are venules?

A

Smaller divisions of veins

40
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the vital organs and the extremities.

41
Q

Describe the location of the heart.

A

It is located between the lungs and lies just left of center behind the sternum.

42
Q

What is the approximate size of an adult heart?

A

A closed fist.

43
Q

What are the four chambers that the heart is divided into?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

44
Q

Which chambers are paired together to form the two pumps within the heart?

A

Right atrium with right ventricle, and left atrium with left ventricle.

45
Q

Which two chambers of the heart are responsible for pulmonary circulation?

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

46
Q

Which two chambers of the heart are responsible for systemic circulation?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

47
Q

Describe the role and location of the atria.

A

The receiving chambers located superior to the larger ventricles

48
Q

Describe the role and location of the ventricles.

A

The propulsion chambers located inferior to the smaller atria.

49
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

A muscular wall, called the interventricular septum.

50
Q

What is the role of the interventricular septum?

A

To prevent the mixing of blood from the two sides of the heart.

51
Q

What must the heart have to function as a pump?

A

Receiving and propulsion chambers, and valves.

52
Q

What is the role of valves inside the heart?

A

To direct blood flow through the heart

53
Q

Which type of chamber in the heart receives blood first within one pump?

A

Atria

54
Q

Which type of chamber in the heart receives blood second within one pump?

A

Ventricle

55
Q

What connects each of the atria to each of the ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular valves

56
Q

Which side of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood?

A

The right side

57
Q

Which side of the heart receives the newly oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

58
Q

What receives the blood in between the right and left side of the heart?

A

The lungs.

59
Q

What is the process in which blood is pumped from the right side of the heart into the lungs?

A

The pulmonary circuit

60
Q

What is the process in which blood is passed from the lungs into the left side of the heart?

A

The systemic circuit

61
Q

Which side of the heart receives blood from the venous system?

A

The right side

62
Q

What are the blood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries (only exception to O2 rule)

63
Q

What are the blood vessels that carry the newly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins (only exception to O2 rule)

64
Q

What is the term for the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next?

A

The cardiac cycle

65
Q

In what sequence does the heart perform its pumping actions?

A

Simultaneously (atria, then ventricles)

66
Q

What is the approximate time after the atria contract that both ventricles contract to deliver blood to the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

A

0.1 seconds

67
Q

What is the contraction phase during the cardiac cycle?

A

Systole

68
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood leaves the ventricles?

A

Systole

69
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood fill the ventricles?

A

Diastole

70
Q

What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole

71
Q

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

The contraction phase (systole), and the relaxation phase (diastole)

72
Q

Aside from distributing oxygen and nutrients to the cells, list the other major functions of the cardiovascular system.

A
  1. Caries carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cells; 2. Maintains acid-base balance; 3. Helps regulate body temperature.

ACE EESFP Chapter 1 (5 decks)

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