10.4 dynamic equilibrium and le Chatelier's principle module 3 Flashcards
define reversible reactions
takes place in the forward and reverse directions
what is the Haber process for manufacturing ammonia?
N2 + 3H2 reversible reaction 2NH3 (g)
what is reaching equilibrium?
when the speed of the forward and backward reactions are equal
what are equilibrium systems?
dynamic
what is a dynamic equilibrium system?
as fast as the reactants are becoming products, the products are reacting to become reactants
products remain unchanged and so do the concentrations of the reactants
what is le Chatelier’s principle?
when a system in equilibrium is subjected to an external change, the system readjusts itself to minimise the effect of that change
if more products are formed, which way has equilibrium shifted?
right
if more reactants have formed, which way has equilibrium shifted?
left
which way does equilibrium shift if there is an increase in temperature?
in the endothermic direction
+ delta H
which way does equilibrium shift if there is a decrease in temperature?
in the exothermic direction
- delta H
which way will equilibrium shift if pressure is increased?
to the side with fewer molecules in order to decrease the pressure of the system
which way will equilibrium shift if pressure is decreased?
to the side with more molecules
what does a catalyst do to the position of equilibrium?
nothing
what will a catalyst do?
increase the rate at which an equilibrium is established
