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MHD V: Renal > 10.30: Renal V > Flashcards

10.30: Renal V Flashcards

1
Q

What does the metanephric blastema develop into?

A

Nephrons

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2
Q

What does the ureteric bud develop into?

A

Collecting duct system

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3
Q

Are bilateral or unilateral lesions genetic?

A

Bilateral, unilateral cannot be genetic

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4
Q

What is agenesis?

A

Absence of something

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5
Q

What occurs in horseshoe kidneys?

A

They are fused

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6
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Abnormal development

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7
Q

What is polycystic?

A

Cystic but without dysplastic elements

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8
Q

What is hypoplasia?

A

Small but no dysplasia demonstrated

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9
Q

What are enlarged irregular kidneys appearing like bunch of grapes characteristic of?

A

Cystic renal dysplasia

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10
Q

What is oligohydramnios?

A
  • Lack of amniotic fluid due to agenesis of kidneys
  • Urine is responsible for amniotic fluid
  • Amniotic fluid responsible for development of lungs
  • Leads to hypoplastic lungs
    “Potters syndrome”
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11
Q

What is potters syndrome?

A

Hypoplastic lungs due to agenesis of kidneys

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12
Q

What is ARPKD?

A

Childhood “Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease”

  • Enlarged kidneys with retained shape
  • Liver cysts seen as well
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13
Q

What is APKD?

A

“Adult polycystic Kidney disease”

  • More common than childhood recessive
  • Autosomal dominant
  • Huge kidney with cysts in liver as well
  • Nephrons between cysts are functioning
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14
Q

Treatment of APKD?

A
  • Transplant
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15
Q

What is often associated with APKD?

A
  1. Hepatic cysts
  2. Intracranial berry aneurysms
  3. Mitral prolapse
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16
Q

3 types of cystic disease?

A
  1. Developmental dysplasia
  2. APKD
  3. ARPKD
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17
Q

Only cystic disease without liver abnormalities?

A

Dysplasia

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18
Q

Only cystic disease with ureter abnormalities?

A

Dysplasia

19
Q

Only cystic disease without reniform shape?

A

Dysplasia

20
Q

What is acquired cystic disease associated with?

A
  • Dialysis

- High rate of developing renal carcinoma

21
Q

Which cystic disease has high risk of renal carcinoma?

A

Acquired

22
Q

Which kidney tumors are presumed malignant?

A

All of them until proven otherwise

23
Q

2 benign kidney tumors?

A
  1. Oncocytoma
  2. Angiomyolipoma
    - Mimic malignant tumor
    * ***Usually removed surgically
24
Q

Characteristics of oncocytoma?

A
  • Benign mahogany brown with central scar

- Usually removed surgically

25
Q

Characteristics of Angiomyolipoma?

A
  • Consists of vessels, smooth muscles, fat
  • Vessels can rupture leading to hemorrhage
  • Can be associated with tubular sclerosis
26
Q

What is the triad of renal cell carcinoma?

A

“RCC”

  1. Costovertebral pain
  2. Hematuria
  3. Large mass
27
Q

Which section of kidney cannot give rise to tumors?

A

Glomerulus

28
Q

Most common type of renal cancer?

A
  1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma 75%

2. Papillary 15%

29
Q

Treatment of RCC?

A
  • Surgery is mainstay

- Cancer is highly chemoresistant

30
Q

Survival rates with RCC stages?

A

Stage I: 96%
Stage II: 82%
Stage III: 64%
Stage IV: 23%

31
Q

What is VHL?

A

“Von Hippel Lindau”

  • Familial RCC with early onset
  • Multiple, vascularized cysts and tumors
  • Have both renal cysts and tumors
32
Q

Most common pediatric renal cancer?

A

Wilms tumor

33
Q

Presentation of Wilms tumor?

A

75% have mass noticed by parents

25% have other developmental abnormality

34
Q

Developmental disorders seen in Wilms tumor?

A
  1. WAGR complex
  2. Denys Drash syndrome
  3. Beckwith - Wiedemann syndrome
35
Q

What is WAGR complex?

A

W - wilms tumor
A - Aniridia
G - GU malformation
R - Mental retardation

36
Q

What is Denys Drash Syndrome?

A

`1. Wilms tumor

  1. Gonadal dysgenesis
  2. Renal sclerosis
37
Q

Treatment of Wilms tumor?

A
  • Surgical excision
  • If it has spread, chemo
  • If not, not chemo but monitor closely
38
Q

Prime age for renal tumor?

A

65 yo

39
Q

65yo man with 5cm mass on right kidney?

A
  • Schedule surgery
  • He is at prime age
  • Kidney masses are presumed malignant
40
Q

Which tumor associated with short arm chromosome III?

A

Clear cell

41
Q

Adult of pediatric renal tumors sensitive to chemo?

A

Pediatric

42
Q

What are immature cartilage and tubules characteristic of?

A

Cystic Dysplasia

43
Q

What are blastema, tubules, and stroma characteristic of?

A

Malignancy

MHD V: Renal (28 decks)

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