10.3 pathophysiology of restrictive lung disease and fibrosis Flashcards
What is the epithelial lining of teh trachea-bronchioles?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelial lining of the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
ciliated columnar epithelium with increasing number of clara cells instead of goblet cells
What is the epithelial lining of type 1 pneumocytes
Simple squamous
Which pneumocytes secrete surfactant?
Type 2
What do goblet cells secrete?
Mucous
Describe clara cells
non ciliated, exocrine granules in the cytoplasm
what pulmonary factors affect respiration/gas exchange
Quality of the gas inhaled
Expansibility of the lungs
Exchange of gases between the alveolar space and capillaries
Status of the pulmonary circulation
What is the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Decreased diffusion Capillary endothelial damage alveolar damage release of cytokines release of interleukins Activation of neutrophils Increased vascular permeability Exudation of fluid-alveolar flooding Oedema hyaline membrane formation Oedema in the interstitium
What is the pathology of ARDS
Macroscopically: heavy, boggy, edematous, red lungs
What are the clinical symptoms and signs of chronic restrictive lung disease?
Dsypnea
Tachypnea
Inspiratory crackles
Reduced lung compliance and volume
What factors affect the development of lung disease?
Duration and length of exposure Amount of retained dust Size Shape and buoyancy of the particles Additional irritants preexisting lung disease
What is a granuloma?
A cluster of epitheliod histocytes (macrophages)
What is sarcoidosis
A cell mediated immune response to an unidentified antigen
What are the complications of asbestos?
pleural plaques diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis) Pleural effusion lung carcinoma mesothelioma
