10.3 Hearing + 10.7 Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is sound produced by

A

Vibrations of objects

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2
Q

Whats frequency
Unit

A

Vibrations made per second
Hertz

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3
Q

Relationship between tuning fork length and frequency

A

Shorter prong higher frequency
越短越快越高音

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4
Q

how is sound transmitted

A
  1. Object vibrates
  2. Push on surrounding air particles
  3. Particles vibrate, travel through air
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5
Q

Sound must travel through a ____, it can be a _____, ______, _____

A

Medium
Solid liquid gas

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6
Q

Sound is transmitted through __________ in these medias

A

Vibrations of particles

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7
Q

Why can’t sound travel through vacuum

A

No air, no particles transmit sound, no sound can be heard

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8
Q

Speed of sound in diff media

A

Fastest in solids
Slowest in gases

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9
Q

Why cant sound be heard in space

A

Space is a vacuum, sound cant travel through it

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10
Q

Ear structure

A

Pinna, ear canal, ear drum, ear bones, cochlea, auditory nerve

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11
Q

How we hear

A
  1. Pinna collects sound, directs into ear canal
  2. Travels down ear canal to middle ear
  3. sound causes eardrum vibrate, vibrations transmitted to ear bones
  4. 3 ear bones amplify eardrum’s vibrations, transmit to inner ear
  5. Sensory hair cells in cochlea detect vibrations, produce signals
  6. Signals fr sensory hair cells sent to brain through auditory nerve , interprets signals as sounds
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12
Q

Why cant hear clearly
What helps them hear better

A

Ear bones / sensory hair cells in cochlea not function properly
hearing aid / cochlea implant

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13
Q

Limitation

A

Audible frequency range; only hear within certain range of frequency, 20-20000 Hz

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14
Q

Whats noise, sources, cause

A

Unwanted, disturbing
Traffic, construction work, Humm a voices, loud music
Noise pollution

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15
Q

Measure sound level
Unit

A

Decimal meter
dB

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16
Q

Effects of noise depends on
Cause
Daily life problems

A

Sound level, duration of exposure
Extremely high sound levels / prolonged exposure to loud sound
Tinnitus, hearing loss
Disturb study work sleep, mental stress

17
Q

Protect hearing

A

Low volume
Shorten time, noisy environment
Ear plugs, protectors
X. Pick w hard obj

18
Q

Sense organs ___________ and _________ to brain to produce ________. Brain uses signals from sense organs to help us _________.

A

Detect stimuli
Sends signals
Senses
Respond to stimuli

19
Q

Role of brain

A

Sense organs cant produce senses, they’re detect stimuli and sends signals to brain.
Brains acts as coordinator

20
Q

How brain makes response

A
  1. Integrates and interprets signals
  2. Produce sense
  3. Decide action
  4. Signal muscle through nerves
  5. Make response
21
Q

Whats reaction time

A

Time between detecting a stimulus and making response

22
Q

How many nerve cells does brain hv
How signals sent fr cell to cell

A

10B +
Long extensions

23
Q

Parts of brain, functions

A

Cerebrum:
1. Inter grants, interprets signals
2. Signals muscle to make response
3. Intelligence, memory, thinking

Cerebellum:
1. Coordinates muscles, movements
2. Maintain body balance

Medulla:
1. Basic life functions, heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure

24
Q

What causes illusions

A

Brain interprets signals incorrectly