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ch10 Sensing The Environment > 10.2 Sight > Flashcards

10.2 Sight Flashcards

1
Q

3 main parts of eye

A

Eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash

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2
Q

Eyebrow function

A

X sweat

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3
Q

Eyelid function

A

Close: dirt, strong light
Blink: moisten surface

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4
Q

Eyelash function

A

X small particles (dust)

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5
Q

80% of the eye is hidden in the _____

A

Socket

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6
Q

10 parts of eye

A

Focusing muscle Sclera
Cornea Retina
Iris Blind spot
Pupil Optic nerve
Lens
Jelly-like fluid

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7
Q

Focusing muscle function

A

Lens thickness

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8
Q

Cornea function

A

Light pass, focus light

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9
Q

Iris function

A

Pupil size

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10
Q

Pupil function

A

Regulate amt of light

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11
Q

Lens function

A

Light pass, focus light

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12
Q

Jelly like fluid function

A

Focus light
Maintain eyeball shape

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13
Q

Sclera function

A

Protect eyebal

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14
Q

Retina function

A

Light sensitive cells detect light, produce signals

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15
Q

Blind spot function

A

Optic nerve leaves
No cells

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16
Q

Optic nerve function

A

Signals brain

17
Q

All 10 parts of eye and functions

A

Focusing muscle: lens thickness Sclera: protect eyeball
Cornea: light pass, focus light Retina: light sensitive cells detect light, signal
Iris: pupil size Blind spot: optic nerve leaves, no cells
Pupil: regulate amt of light Optic nerve: signals brain
Lens: light pass, focus light
Jelly-like fluid: eyeball shape, focus light

18
Q

When and how does pupil size change to regulate amt of light

A

Bright: smaller, decrease light
Dim: larger, increase light

19
Q

How are images formed in the eye

A
  1. Light enters
  2. Cornea, lens, jelly like fluid focus light onto retina
  3. Sharp inverted image on retina; light sensitive cells on retina stimulated by light, produce signals
  4. Signals sent to brain through optic nerve; interprets signals as upright image.
20
Q

The lens is ____. It’s thickness can be changed by the _________ surrounding it, so that _______ from objects at different distances can be focused onto the _________.

A

Elastic, focusing muscles, light, retina

21
Q

What does function of each part of the eye relate to

A

Its form

Lens is transparent -> light can pass through
Lens is elastic -> thickness can be changed

22
Q

Looking at near objects

A

Focusing muscle contracts, thicker lens
（縮、厚片）

23
Q

Looking at distant objects

A

Focusing muscle relaxes, thinner lens
（放鬆、薄片）

24
Q

2 kinds of light sensitive cells on retina

A

Cone cells, rod cells

25
Q

Cone cells

A
  • bright light sensitive
  • 3 types (rgb)
  • detect colour
26
Q

Rod cells

A
  • dim light sensitive
  • cant detect colour
27
Q

Why difficult to distinguish colours in dim light

A

Only rod cells are stimulated and send signals to brain
They cant detect colour

28
Q

Our eyes have ______. Cant see obj that are too _____, _____ or _____

A

Limitations, small, close, far

29
Q

We can use ________ to extend our vision

A

Optical instruments

30
Q

What optical instruments and what they can see

A
  1. Binoculars: birds
  2. Hand lens: bee
  3. Light microscope: plant cells
  4. Electron microscope: viruses
  5. Astronomical telescope: mars
31
Q

What’s another limitation, where and why

A

Blind spot, located on retina
No light sensitive cells; when image is formed, no signals are sent to brain, cant see obj

32
Q

Common eye defects

A

Short sight long sight
Astigmatism
Cataract
Colour blindness

33
Q

Short sight
Reason, cause, correction

A

Image is formed in front of retina
Lens too thick / Eyeball too long / both （厚長）
Concave

34
Q

Long sight
Reason, cause, correction

A

Image formed behind retina
Lens too thin / eyeball too short / both (薄短）
Convex

35
Q

Astigmatism
Cause, reason , correction

A

Cornea / lens / both unevenly curved
Light can’t be focused on retina
Diff curvatures at diff points

36
Q

Cataract
Reason, cause, correction

A

Light cant pass through cloudy lens -> blurred vision
Old age, eye injuries, prolonged sunlight exposure, heredity
Artificial lens through surgery

37
Q

Colour-blindness
Reason, cause, correction

A

Defect in one or more cone cells, affect distinguish colours
Inherited
No correction

38
Q

How to protect our eyes

A
  1. Rest, distant obj
  2. Sufficient, not strong light; read 30cm
  3. Monitor 50-70cm
  4. Goggles
  5. Regular eye checkups
  6. Hat, sunglasses
  7. X bend
  8. X moving vehicle
  9. X rub, infection

ch10 Sensing The Environment (3 decks)

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