1.03 Flashcards
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to believe, once the outcome is already known of course, that you would have foreseen it; that even though its over and you know the outcome, you knew it all along.
when you decide after you heard that answer that you knew it
John: whats the capital of florida
Sarah: tallahasee
John: oh yeah I knew that
Scientific Method
System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
Mendel’s plant experiment was very methodical.
Hypothesis
Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.
I saw my father fall of the skateboard and hypothesized that he had never ridden one before.
I saw a cookie and hypothesized it was sweet.
Replicate
In research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results.
Redoing a recipe to see if it comes out the same way.
Observer Effect
The tendency for many people and animals to behave differently when they know others are watching them.
Acting more professional in an interview.
Participant Observation
A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed.
Manager at work is observing you, but is also part of your group.
Observer Bias
Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
If you manager expects you to fail, then they will look at everything you are doing wrong.
Case Study
Type of observation data technique - one individual is studied in-depth in order identify behavioral, emotional, and/or cognitive qualities that are universally true, on average, of others; often include face-to-face interviews, paper and pencil tests, etc…
The movie Truman show is kind of like a case study.
Representative Sample
A sample is chosen from a given population in hope that all minorities and majorities will be represented appropriately in a study or an experiment.
Only giving a survey about Whole Foods out to the rich people of Naples, FL.
Population
Is the collection of people or organisms of a particular species living in a given geographic area or space usually measured by a census.
The population of kids in a public school.
Naturalistic Observation
The process of observing a subject in their natural environment without any manipulation by the researcher.
A researcher observing animals at a zoo.
Experimental Contamination
Factors that weaken the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure within an experimental study.
Your boss telling your evaluator that you are doing a bad job.
Surveys
A technique for ascerting the self-reporting attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of individuals.
Google Forms/ Surveys
Generalize
Apply findings from a study to others in natural settings (i.e., outside the lab)
Find a sound mice don’t like, and then generalize that sound and distribute it to people around the world as like a way to get rid of mice.
Courtesy Bias
The tendency for individuals participating in a survey to report what they think the researchers want to hear rather than their true opinions or behaviors.
When your boss comes up to you and asks you if they are a good boss. If you will like to keep your job you will most likely say yes.
