10.3

Question 1

Morpheme

Answer 1

meaningful units of phonemes (word prefixes and endings)

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

Basic speech sound

Question 2

Aphasia

Answer 2

loss of ability to speak or understand language

Question 3

Broca’s aphasia vs Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 3

Broca: speech is slow, but meaningful (makes sense)

Wernicke: fast, but does not make sense

Question 4

Which hemisphere is mostly responsible for language functions?

Answer 4

Left hemisphere

Question 5

How do we learn language?

Answer 5

Exposure.
Children exposed to language will learn it.
Prenatal environment

Question 6

Does conversing with children produce greater language competence than reading to them?

Answer 6

yes, face-to-face reinforces social nature of this behavior (faster language learning)

Question 7

What is the perspective from linguistic POV? (vocalization)

Answer 7

vocalization requires less energy
benefits:
- communication at night
- frees hands for combat

Question 8

dyslexia

Answer 8

difficulties in learning to read despite typical intelligence and exposure to adequate teaching methods

Question 9

what influences dyslexia?

Answer 9

genetic factors
- atypical brain lateralization: less active circuits in left hemisphere (processes more symmetrically)
- greater activation near Broca’s area when reading aloud

Question 10

multilingualism

Answer 10

proficient in at least two languages

Question 11

potential advantages of being bilingual or multilingual

Answer 11

• executive function eg attention, tasking switching, cognitive flexibility
• delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease
• protection against cognitive decline

Question 12

Signed languages

Answer 12

based on sight and movement, rather than sound

Question 13

how does the brain managed signed langauges?

Answer 13

in the same way as any other language, despite not using sound