1020 Final Exam Flashcards
Building block of cinema
shot
What is cinematography
art of capturing moving images
first ac responsibilities
pulls focus
DP responsibilities
Camera and lighting decisions
take
each time a planned shot is captured
setup
one camera position and everything asociated with it
shot
unbroken span of action captured by a single camera
Standard format or gauge for productions
35mm
What does the speed variable of film stock control?
Exposure index- slow film stocks require more light (cleaner shot), fast film stocks require less light but are more grainy.
Tonality
Range of tones from pure white to pure black.
Aperture
adjustable iris: controls how much light is let in and depth of field.
Short focal length
aka wide angles (near complete depth of field)
Long focal length
aka telephoto
Middle focal length
standard lenses
Standard Aspect Ratio
1.375:1 (Sometimes quoted as 1.33:1)
Wide Screen Aspect Ratio
1.85:1
Implied Proximity
The distance between the viewer and subject on screen
Long Shot
Subject and background in equal measure. (establishing shot)
Medium Long Shot
Knee UP
Medium Shot
Waist UP
Medium Close UP
Mid chest up
Close up
Face fills frame
Deep Focus Cinematography
Wide Angle (short focal length) keeps subject, back, and foreground in focus.
Dolly shot
aka tracking shot
Open frame
characters move freely outside of the frame
closed frame
characters are stuck in the frame depicting other forces trapping the character.
Special Effects
aka mechanical or practical effects
visual effects
effects created using computers on postproduction
motion capture
using bodysuits with reflectors for post-production
4 types of actors
1- Actors who take their personae from role to role (personality actors like Tom Cruise)
2-Actors who deliberately play against our expectations of their personae.
3- Actors who seem to be different in every role (chameleon actors)
4-Actors who are non professional cast to bring verisimilitude or reality.
who invented the art of screen acting
Lillian Gish
Who invented method acting
Konstantin Stanislavsky
What is ensemble acting.
An approach that emphasizes the interacting of actors and not individual performance. Found more so in theatre and not movies.
alienation effect
seeks to distance the audience from identifying with character.
4 criteria for analyzing actors performance
1- Appropriateness
2- Inherent thoughtfulness/emotionality
3- Expressive coherence
4- Wholeness and unity
Responsibilities of an Editor
Spatial Relations
Temporal Relations
Juxtaposition
Control rhythm, pace and shot duration
Organize fragmented actions and events
Master Scene Technique and Master Shot
a scene is captured with multiple times with different shot types and angles to be constructed in post. Master shot captures a long shot of the entire scene before closer and more specific shots are captured.
Shot/reverse shot
Entire interaction is filmed facing one character then filmed again facing other character.
Cross cutting or Parallel Editiing
Cutting back and forth between two or more actions happening simultaneously in separate locations. (Godfather)
Intercuting
Shots that interrupt the narrative aka flashbacks, character thoughts etc.
ellipsis
a temporal leap between shots.
overlapping action
repetition of action using multiple shots and angles
Contenten curve
represents the duration required to take in the easily available amount of information. duration and information relationship graph.
Pace
Speed of at which a scene flows. Made of of shots with similar duration
Rhythm
Changing of pace within a scene
Match cuts (3 types)
used to help maintain continuity
- cutting on action
- eye line cut
- graphic cuts (bone to spaceship 2001 Space Odyssey(similar shape between shots))
Jump cut
Same shot that the middle is chopped out to show a fast forward in time.
Fundamental tool of an editor
the cut
Kuleshov Experiment
2 shots do not need any relationship for a spacial relationship to take place.
Associative Edititng
inserting incongruent images in a scene to invoke a mood or thematic idea.
Sergei Eisenstein Battleship Potemkin
Known for repetition of action
French New Wave
Rejection of traditional filmmaking for more experimental techniques
double sound recording
sound is recorded separate from video recording.
Automatic Dialog Replacement
Re-recording bad audio in studio by lip syncing over video.
Fidelity
sounds faithfulness to the source
Quality of sound
what distinguishes sounds with same amplitude and frequency. Such as a guitar sound vs piano sound
Diegetic sounds
sounds heard by audience and characters
non diegetic sounds
sounds only heard by audience
Nonsimultaneous sound
occurs in flashbacks outside of the characters normal
The Jazz Singer
first movie with synchronized sound
First motion picture camera
Kinetograph (Edison)
Peephole viewer
Kinetoscope
1915 Birth of a Nation (Griffiths)
First classic Hollywood style
Paramount Consent Decrees
Stopped studios from buying into theatres
Production Code
self censorship in productions
Above the line vs Below the line
Above is preproduction costs and below is production and post costs.
Negative Cost
the cost to produce, not advertise the film
Dailiies
raw unedited footage at the end of each production day.
Package unit system
producers would propose projects to studios for funding rather than studios coming up with ideas.
line producer vs production manager
production manager carries out line producers decision who is second to the producer.
The general
silent film era and slapstick comedy
Lumiere Brothers
Invented cinematographe, fathers of capturing movement in camera.
