1.02- The Planting of English America: 1500-1733

Question 1

What three European outposts were established in the Americas by what nations and in what years?

Answer 1

• The Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610
• The French at Quebec in 1608
• The English at Jamestown, VA, in 1607

Question 2

Huguenots

Answer 2

-French Protestants
-St. Bartholomew’s Day, 1572, +10,000 were butchered in Paris and throughout France by the Roman Catholics

Question 3

Edict of Nantes (1598)

Answer 3

Granted religious toleration to French Protestants
-religious wars ceased, and France blossomed into might

Question 4

Nickname of Samuel de Champlain?

Answer 4

Father of New France
-Approached Natives with diplomacy
-Explored Canada

Question 5

coureurs de bois, voyageurs

Answer 5

“runners of the woods”
-French fur trappers
-responsible for many french place names
-established trading posts throughout North America
-fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and culture of the Natives

Question 6

What role did the Jesuits play in the colonization of the Americas?

Answer 6

They didn’t make many permanent converts during their missionary explorations, but they did play important roles as
-explorers
-geographers
-and chroniclers of New France (Canada)

Question 7

Who founded the city of Detroit in what year and for what purpose?

Answer 7

Antoine Cadillac founded the City of Straits in 1701 to thwart the English settlers from pushing into the Ohio Valley

Question 8

Robert de la Salle

Answer 8

-Floated down the Mississippi in 1682 to the Gulf and named the area Louisiana

Question 9

What was the significance of New Orleans in the early 1700s?

Answer 9

-Commanded the mouth of the Mississippi
-also tapped the fur trade of the interior valley
-became essential to France for trade with the natives
-and also to block Spanish expansion into the Gulf

Question 10

Protestant Reformation (sixteenth century)

Answer 10

-Movement to reform the Catholic church
-Started by Martin Luther
-Encouraged the:
1. questioning of the Pope’s authority
2. elimination of the selling of indulgences
3. translation of the Bible from Latin
-Also planted religious conflicts with Ireland

Question 11

Sir Francis Drake

Answer 11

-semi-piratical “sea dog”
-looted Spanish treasure ships and settlements
-in 1580 returned with a net profit for his backers (ie Queen Elizabeth I) of 4600%
-she literally knighted him for this

Question 12

Roanoke Island (1585)

Answer 12

-Sir Walter Raleigh’s failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina

Question 13

Spanish Armada

Answer 13

-Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588.
-The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire

Question 14

Primogeniture

Answer 14

-laws that decreed only the eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates

Question 15

Joint-Stock Companies

Answer 15

-investors (called “adventurers”) pooled capital to limit personal risk
-funded ventures and explorations into the New World

Question 16

Virginia Company

Answer 16

-English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I
-allowed them to found the Virginia colony

Question 17

First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610-1640)

Answer 17

-Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia.
-English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages.
-Applied tactics used in England’s campaigns against the Irish.

Question 18

Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-1646)

Answer 18

-Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge VA settlements
-Resulting peace treaty (1646) formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement

Question 19

3 Ds the Powhatans fell victim to:

Answer 19

-Disease: they were extremely susceptible to European-borne maladies
-Disorganization: they lacked unity and cohesion
-Disposability: they served no reliable labour sources and after the Virginians started to grow their own crops, no commodities to offer in commerce

Question 20

New Netherland (1624-1664)

Answer 20

-North American Dutch colony centered in New Amsterdam (now NY)
-Though prosperous, this colony was conquered and absorbed by the English