10.2 The five kingdoms Flashcards
Name all five of Robert Whittaker’s kingdoms. (5 marks)
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Define the term heterotrophic. (1 mark)
Feed on other organisms.
Define the term autotrophic. (1 mark)
Make their own food.
Define the term saprophytic. (1 mark)
Feed on decaying matter.
Describe four main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom prokaryotae. (4 marks)
Describe five main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom protoctista. ( 5 marks)
Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom fungi. (6 marks)
Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom plantae. (6 marks)
Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom animalia. (6 marks)
Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom prokaryotae. (1 mark)
Autotrophic or by absorption
Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom protoctista. (1 mark)
Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic
Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom fungi. (1 mark)
Saprophytic and/or absorption
Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom plantae. (1 mark)
Autotrophic
Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom animalia. (1 mark)
Heterotrophic
Are prokaryotae unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)
Unicellular
Are protoctista unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)
Mainly unicellular
Are fungi unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)
Unicellular or multicellular
Are plantae unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)
Multicellular
Are animalia unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)
Multicellular
Name the kingdom that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. (1 mark)
Prokaryotae
Is the DNA in prokayotae linear or circular? (1 mark)
Circular
Define the term sessile. (1 mark)
Can’t move.
Define the term locomotion. (1 mark)
The movement or the ability to move from one place to the other.
Do fungi contain chloroplasts? (1 mark)
No.
What are the cell membranes made out of in fungi? (1 mark)
Chitin.
What two things are the bodies of fungi usually made of? (2 marks)
Mycelium or threads of hyphae.
How do fungi store their food? (1 mark)
Glycogen
Name the two kingdoms that contain organelles that have chloroplasts. (2 marks)
Protoctista (some)
Plantae (all)
How do plantae store food? (1 mark)
As starch.
What are the cell walls of plantae made of? (1 mark)
Cellulose
How is food stored in animalia? (1 mark)
As glycogen.
Name the three domains. (3 marks)
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
How were the three domains established? (2 marks)
Using differences in the sequences of RNA, lipid structure, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
How many proteins does the RNA polymerase of the three domains contain? (3 marks)
Eukarya= 12
Archaea= 10
Bacteria= 5
What size ribosomes do the organelles in each of the three domains contain? (3 marks)
Eukarya= 80s
Archaea= 70s
Bacteria= 70s
In the three domain system, which kingdom from the five kingdom system is split into two separate kingdoms, and what into? (3 marks)
Original kingdom: Prokaryotae
The new kingdoms:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
What do the cell walls of archaebacteria contain? (1 mark)
Peptidoglycan
What kind of environments do archaebacteria live in, in comparison to eubacteria? (1 mark)
Extreme environments
