10.2 Regional Issues Flashcards
What was the relationship between Wales and England like before 1536
Wales was a separate territory to England, though it was under English control
What were the Laws in Wales 1536
- Divided wales into counties that worked the same as English counties
- Gave welsh shires representation in the House of Commons
- Brought Wales into the same legal framework as England
What was the impact of the Laws in Wales 1536
It incorporated Wales into England with little of a separate identity except for the survival of the Welsh language
What were the three stages of control over Ireland
- Limited control
- Increased control
- Greater control
What was the stage of ‘Limited control’ with Ireland
Ireland was ruled via the Earl of Kildare. This was cheap and therefore preferred
1520-22 the Earl of Surrey was appointed, but wasnt able to assert authority and Kildare was reinstated
What was the stage of ‘Increased control’ with Ireland
1534 - Kildares son rebels against Cromwells reforms
Kildares son was captured and executed, Kildare died.
Suppression of Kildares rebellion cost £40,000
Cromwell established more direct rule via Lord Deputy
How did Cromwell establish more direct rule via a Lord Deputy
- Tighter control
- Permanent military garrison in the Pale
- Irish parliament revival
What was the stage of ‘greater control’ with Ireland
1541 - Henry proclaimed himself King of Ireland rather than Lord
What policy did Henry implement when attempting to affirm Greater control over Ireland
‘Surrender and regrant’
What did the policy of Surrender and Regrant involve
Gaelic lords were to surrender their lands and were regranted them when English authority was established.
When and why did the ‘Surrender and Regrant’ policy stop
1543, because the cost was too high
Why was the boarder administration between Wales and England easy
Because it was under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales. This made law easily accessed locally as it was based in Shropshire
Why was the Scottish/English boarder a problem for Henry VIII
BEcause most of the boarder was inhospitable and lots of cattle and sheep rustling occurred.
What did Henry VIII implement to solve the Scottish boarder problem
Wardens to the 3 marches
Who were typically appointed to Warden positions and why were nobility not chosen
Local nobility weren’t used because they would use the position to gain power at the King’s expense
Instead local gentry were appointed, e.g. Thomas Wharton, he owed his loyalty to the King
