102 MC History

Question 1

1775

Answer 1

Marine corps was created on 10 NOV In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at tuns tavern by resolution of continental congress. Raised 2 battallions of marines by captian samuel nicholas(considered the first commandant) 1834 marines came under department of the navy 1947 national security act, amended in 1952.

Question 2

1776

Answer 2

First landing of revolutionary war. Marines invaded new providence island in the bahamas and seized guns and supplies. UOD had a stiff leather stock around yhe neck, thus the name leatherneck.

Question 3

1805

Answer 3

Marines stormed the barbary pirates stronghold at burma on yhe shores of triploi. Marines raised the stars and stripes in the eastern hemisphere for the first time.

Question 4

1847

Answer 4

During mexican war, marines occupided the halls of montezuma during the battle of Chapultepec. Royal palce fell to invading marines who were among the first to enter the capital. Also helped take california.

Question 5

1868

Answer 5

USMC adopted an emblem that consisted of an EGA, brigadier general jacob zelin, 7th commandant, modified british royal marine emblem to depict marines as botb american and maritime. Globe=worldwide service anchor=sea traditions eagle=nation itself

Question 6

1883

Answer 6

Semper fidelis was adopted, semper fi.

Question 7

1900

Answer 7

in support of foreign policy, marines from ships on the asiatic station defended the american legation, in peking china during boxer rebellion. Part of multinational defense force that protected legation quater against attack and held out against boxers until relief force came to end rebellion.

Question 8

1913

Answer 8

Marine corps establish avaiation unit, marine major alfred A Cunningham was the first pilot.

Question 9

1917

Answer 9

Marines landed as part of american force in france, participated in 8 operations and were awarded an number of decorations. 1 of which was the french fourragere which is still worn by 5th and 6th marines.

Question 10

1933

Answer 10

MC reorganized into fleet marine force, establishing the command and administrative relations between fleet and MC. Equipment board was established in quantico virginia. Marines devoted long hours to testing and developing materials for landing operations and expiditionary service.

Question 11

1965

Answer 11

Marines landed in south vietnam. Commited to longest war in USMC history. Conducted numerous large scale offensive operations. Participated in pacification program designed to win support of locals. Marines also landed i. Dominican Republic to evacuate and protect us citizens and restore peace.

Question 12

1982

Answer 12

Marines deployed to lebanon in an effort to restore peace and order in this war torn country.further displayed marines as a force of readiness. On 23oct1983 a suicide truck attack on HQ building killed 241 americans and wounded 70 others. Last marine withdrew july 1984.

Question 13

1991

Answer 13

Operation desert storm was launched after iraqi gov refused to comply with united nations resolutions. Marine aviation was heavily used when air phase commenced in january 1991. When massive bombing failed, marines ground forces swept into kuwait and liberated the country.

Question 14

2001

Answer 14

Operation Enduring Freedom (OF) is the official name used by the U.S.
Government for the War in Afghanistan, together with three smaller military actions under the umbrella of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). On October 7, 2001, early combat operation including a mix of strikes from the land-based B-1 Lancer, B-2 Spirit, and B-52 Stratofortress bombers; carrier based F-14 Tomcat and F/A-18 Hornet fighter; and Tomahawk cruise misses launched from both U.S and British ships and Submarines signaled the start of Operation Enduring Freedom.

Question 15

2003

Answer 15

The 2003 invasion of Iraq (from March 20 to May1, 2003) was led by the
United States, alongside the Kingdom and smaller contingents from Australia and
Poland. Four countries participated with troops during the initial invasion phase,
which lasted from March 20 to May 1.

Question 16

2004

Answer 16

First Battle of Fallujah, codenamed Operation Vigilant Resolve, was
unsuccessful attempt by the United States Military to capture the city of
Fallujah in April 2004. The Second Battle of Fallujah-codenamed Operation Al-Fajr (Arabic,
-the dawnll) and Operation Phantom Fury–was a joint U.S.-Iraqi-British
offensive in November and December 2004. It was led by the U.S. marine Corps
against the Iraqi insurgency stronghold in the city of Fallujah and was authorized by
the U.S.appointed Iraqi Interim Government.

Question 17

Battle of belleau wood

Answer 17

Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleau Wood, France during World War I. Marines helped to crush a German offensive at Belleau Wood that threatened Paris. In honor of the Marines who fought there, the French renamed the area “the Wood of the Brigade of Marines.” German intelligence evaluated the Marines as “storm troops” the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale. In reference to the Marine’s ferocious fighting ability, German
troops called their new enemy “Teufelhunden” or “Devil dogs,”
“ a nickname in which
Marines share pride.

Question 18

Battle of gudalcanal

Answer 18

On 7 August 1942, the 1st Marine Division landed on
the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and launched the first United
States land offensive of World War I. This battle marked the first combat test of the
new amphibious doctrine, and also provided a crucial turning point of the war in the
Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands.
Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Solomon Islands including New
Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), and Bougainville.

Question 19

The battle of tarawa

Answer 19

Gilbert Islands were the first in the line of advance for the offensive in the Central Pacific. The prime objective was the Tarawa Atoll and Beto Island which had been fortified to the point that the Japanese commander proclaimed that it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it. On 20 November 1943, Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours, but paid a heavy price in doing so. Because of an extended reef, landing craft could not cross it and Marines were offloaded hundreds of yards from the beaches. This led to heavy losses from enemy fire. Additionally, many Marines drowned while attempting to wade ashore.

Question 20

The battle of mariana islands

Answer 20

Due to the need for airfields by the Air Force and advanced bases for the Navy, the Marianas were invaded. Landings on the islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian accomplished this. During June and July of 1943,Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith led a combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers that totaled over 136,000. This was the greatest number of troops up to that time to operate in the field under Marine command.

Question 21

Battle of iwo jima

Answer 21

On 19 February 1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima in
what was the largest all-Marine battle in history. It was also the bloodiest in Marine
Corps history. The Marine Corps suffered over 23,300 casualties. The capture of
Iwo Jima greatly increased the air support and bombing operations against the
Japanese home islands. Of the savage battle, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said,
“Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common
virtue. Il

Question 22

Chosin reservior

Answer 22

After pushing far into North Korea during
November of 1950, Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist Forces
entered the war. Despite facing a 10-division force sent to annihilate them, Marines smashed seven enemy divisions in their march from the Chosin Reservoir. The major significance of this retrograde movement was that Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity.

Question 23

Battle of hue city

Answer 23

During the Vietnamese holiday of Tet in January of 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by infiltrating large numbers of their troops into the major population centers of Hue City, South Vietnam. A near
division-size unit of NVA troops occupied the city of Hue and the Citadel. Marines
fought in built-up areas for the first time since the Korean War foregoing the
application of heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties. Fighting was
housetohouse with progress measured in yards. The city was secured on 25
February 1968.

Question 24

Archibald henderson

Answer 24

Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became
Commandant in 1820 and held his command for 39 years until his death in 1859.
General Henderson led the Corps through the Indian Wars, the War with Mexico,
the opening of China, and the disorders in Central America. The “Grand Old Man of
the Marine Corps,” as he is often called, introduced higher standards of personal
appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have the Marine Corps known as a
professional military force, capable of more than just sea and guard duties.

Question 25

John quick

Answer 25

Sergeant Major Quick is remembered for his performance at Cuzco
Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) where he participated in an operation to seize an
advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines. The Sergeant Major won
the Medal of Honor for semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment
while under Spanish and American shellfire. The landing at Guantanamo
demonstrated the usefulness of Marines as assault troops. When employed with the
fleet, Marines gave added strength for the capture and defense of advanced bases,
becoming a primary mission of the Marine Corps (1898).

Question 26

Dan Daly

Answer 26

Sergeant Major Daly is recognized for earning two Medals.of Honor (1)
Chinese Boxer Rebellion and (2) First Caco War in Haiti. When his unit had been
pinned down and their attack was stalled during the Battle of Belleau Wood, then
Gunnery Sergeant Daly yelled to his men, “Come on, you sons of a b-
–, do you
want to live forever?”

Question 27

Louis B chesty Puller

Answer 27

Lieutenant General Puller served in Nicaragua through
several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity. Puller and a force of about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups and bandits
While scouring the jungles in a wide area of Nicaragua to the Honduran border.
Puller became known as the “Tiger of the Mountains” (1930). The Marine Corps’
mascot, an English bulldog named “Chesty,” is named for this brave and fine Marine
Corps officer.

Question 28

Gregory r pappy boyington

Answer 28

Major Boyington is recognized for Marine
prowess in aerial dogfights. “Pappy” commanded VMH-214, the “Black Sheep “
during World War Il. By the end of the War, the Major was recognized as the Marine
Corps’ top ranking flying ace with 28 victories (“kills’”) (1945).

Question 29

Ira H Hayes

Answer 29

The Fifth Amphibious Corps of Marines, commanded by Major
General Harry Schmidt, was assigned to take /wo ima. Corporal Ira Hayes, a Pima
Indian, was one of the Marines immortalized in the now famous photograph (not
shown) taken of the second flag raising incident on Mount Suribachi shortly after the
Japanese stronghold was taken on 23 Feb 1945.

Question 30

Opha mae johnson

Answer 30

Private Johnson became the Marine Corps’ first enlisted
woman on 13 August 1918. Her enlistment was a reflection of the dramatic changes
in the status of women brought about by the entry of the United States into World
War I. Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps’ first
enlisted women were known. They were better known as skirt Marines” and
“Marinettes.”

Question 31

Margaret a brewer

Answer 31

Brigadier General Brewer, then a Colonel, served as the
Director of Women Marines (WM) during the period 1973-1977. She was the
seventh and last director of WM, the only post-World War woman to hold the
position. Margaret Brewer became the Marine Corps’ first woman general officer on
11 May 1978.

Question 32

Robert E Bush

Answer 32

On 2 May 1945, during the battle of Okinawa, Hospital Apprentice First Class Robert E. Bush was a Rifle Company Corpsman with Second Battalion, Fifth Marines, Fifth Marine Division. While attacking the enemy, a Marine Officer fell wounded in a fire-swept location. Bush, who had been assisting other wounded Marines, went to the officer’s exposed position and administered blood plasma amidst the perilous battle conditions. As the Japanese
counterattacked, he courageously remained with the disabled officer, firing back with one hand while holding the plasma bottle in the other, Despite his own serious iniuries, Bush continued to provide aid until his patient was evacuated. For his conspicuous gallantryll on this occasion, he was presented with the Medal of
Honor by President Harry S. Truman on 5 October 1945, during -Nimitz Dayl
celebrations at the White House in Washington D.C. He was the youngest World War I Navy man to receive the Medal of Honor.

Question 33

John H Bradley

Answer 33

Pharmacist’s Mate Second Class John H. Bradley, the second
figure from the right on the near side of the iconic Joe Rosenthal photo, joined with
five marines to raise Old Glory atop Mt. Suribachi on February 23, 1945. This second flag raising (a smaller flag was raised earlier) would be used on a postage
stamp, on several posters for the 7th War Loan bond drive, and as the basis for the
Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington, Virginia. On 21 February, seeing a
wounded Marine, Bradley rushed to his aid through a mortar barrage and heavy
machine gun fire. Although other men from his unit were willing to help him with
casualty, Bradley motioned them to stay back. Shielding the Marine with his own
body, the hospital corpsman administered a unit of plasma and bandaged his
wounds. Through the gunfire, he then pulled the casualty 30 yards to safety. For
these actions Pharmacist’s Mate Second Class John H. Bradley was awarded the
Navy Cross.

Question 34

Robert R ingram

Answer 34

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life
above and beyond the call of duty while serving as Corpsman with Company C,
First Battalion, Seventh Marines against elements of a North Vietnam Aggressor
(NVA) battalion in Quang Ngai Province Republic of Vietnam on 28 March 1966.
Petty Officer Ingram accompanied the point platoon as it aggressively dispatched an
outpost of an NVA battalion. The momentum of the attack rolled off a ridge line
down a tree covered slope to a small paddy and a village beyond. Suddenly, the
village tree line exploded with an intense hail of automatic rifle fire from
approximately 100 North Vietnamese regulars. In mere moments, the platoon ranks
were decimated. Oblivious to the danger, Petty Officer Ingram crawled across the
bullet spattered terrain to reach a downed Marine. As he administered aid, a bullet
went through the palm of his hand. Calls for “CORPSMAN” echoed across the ridge.
Bleeding, he edged across the fire swept landscape, collecting ammunition from the
dead and administering aid to the wounded. Receiving two more wounds before
realizing the third wound was life-threatening, he looked for a way off the face of the
ridge, but again he heard the call for corpsman and again, he resolutely answered.
Though severely wounded three times, he rendered aid to those incapable until he
finally reached the right flank of the platoon. While dressing the head wound of
another corpsman, he sustained his fourth bullet wound. From sixteen hundred
hours until just prior to sunset, Petty Officer Ingram pushed, pulled, cajoled, and
doctored his Marines. Enduring the pain from his many wounds and disregarding
the probability of his demise, Petty Officer Ingram’s intrepid actions saved many
lives that day. By his indomitable fighting spirit, daring initiative, and unfaltering
dedications to duty, Petty Officer Ingram reflected great credit upon himself and
upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.