102 History Flashcards
1775
o Marine Corps created on 10 Nov 1775 in Philadelphia, PA at Tun Tavern by a resolution of the Continental Congress which “raised 2 battalions of Marines”
o Commanded by Capt Samuel Nichols (considered 1st commandant)
o 1834 Marines came under the Dept. of the Navy
o National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1952, states the present structure
1776
o 1st Marine landing took place during the Revolutionary War
o Marines invaded New Providence Island in the Bahamas, took guns and supplies
o Uniform of the day had a stiff leather stock around the neck, hence “Leathernecks”
1805
o Marines stormed the Barbary Pirates stronghold at Burma on the “Shores of Tripoli”
o Marines raised the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in eastern hemisphere
1847
o During the Mexican War, Marines occupied the “Halls of Montezuma” during the Battle of Chapultapec in Mexico City
o The royal palace fell to invading Marines who were among the 1st U.S. troops to enter the capital
o Marines also helped take California
1859
o Under Colonel Robert E. Lee (Army), Marines stormed the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry to put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist John Brown
1868
o Adopted EGA
o Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin (7th Commandant) modified the British Royal Marine emblem
o Globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions
o Spread eagle is a symbol of the nation itself
1883
o Motto adopted, “Semper Fidelis” (Latin for “Always Faithful”)
1900
o Protected against attack in Peking, China during the Boxer Rebellion
o Small force held out until relief force came
1913
o Marine Corps established 1st aviation unit. Major Alfred A. Cunningham was 1st pilot
1917
o Landed in France, participated in 8 distinct operations, awarded many decorations
o French Fourragere still worn by 5th and 6th Marines
1933
o Organized into FMF, formally established “Command and Administrative Relations”
o MC Equipment Board established at Quantico, Virginia
o Devoted long hours to testing and developing materials for landing ops and expeditionary service
1965
o S. Vietnam, conducting large-scale offensive operations
o Winning hearts and minds
o Landed in Dominican Republic in evacuate U.S. citizens in response to an attempted coup of the local government
1982
o Deployed to Lebanon as peacekeeping force, “force in readiness”
o 23 Oct 1983 suicide truck bomb hit HQ, killed 241, wounded 70
o Last unit withdrew in July 1984
1991
o Desert Storm, Iraqi govt. refused to cooperate with UN
o Aviation heavily used when air phase commenced in Jan ‘91
o Bombing failed, ground forces went into Kuwait and liberated country
2001
o Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), official name for the war in Afghanistan
o On 7 Oct 2001, a mix of land based can carrier based strikes signaled the start of OEF
