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EXW Unit Specific > 102 - Basic Field First Aid > Flashcards

102 - Basic Field First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of first aid?

A

To save lives, prevent further injury and preserve vitality and resistance to infection

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2
Q

Steps to examining an injured person

A
  1. keep them lying down - move only if necessary
  2. reassure and keep comfortable
  3. do not touch open wounds or burns unless when sterile bandages are not available and it is necessary to stop severe bleeding
  4. do not give the unconscious food or drink
  5. do not move victims with broken bones until stabilized
  6. always transport feet first
  7. maintain body temp
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3
Q

ABC’s

A

Airway
Breathing
Conscious

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4
Q

Shock

A

A life threatening medical condition that results from insufficient blood flow through the body

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5
Q

Symptons of Shock

A 
Weak/rapid pulse
shallow rapid irregular breathing
cool, pale, clammy skin
nausea or vomiting
weakness, fatigue, dizziness or faint
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6
Q

Treatment of Shock

A 
Lay the victim down
Keep them still and dont move
loosen tight clothing
cover with a blanket to prevent chilling
no food or water
turn onto side if vomiting to prevent choking
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7
Q

Types of Fractures

A

Simple (closed) - no break in the skin

Compound (open) - punctured through the skin

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8
Q

1st Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms

A

Superficial/minimal skin damage.

Red, minor swelling, inflammation and pain

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9
Q

1st Degree Burn Treatment

A

Soak in cool water, take ibuprofen and use antibiotic ointment to prevent infection

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10
Q

2nd Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms

A

extends past the top layer of skin, causes blisters and a mottled appearance with a red base

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11
Q

2nd Degree Bun Treatment

A

keep clean and bandage to prevent infection, use a cold compress, apply antibiotic cream, take ibuprofen

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12
Q

3rd Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms

A

The most severe/ causes the most damage - extends through all layers of skin and can cause nerve damage. Shows as dark/charred skin that is waxy looking

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13
Q

Rules of 9

A

used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected

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14
Q

Chest Wounds

A 
Seal & secure (keep air tight)
give oxygen if available
watch for shock
do not give food or drink
transport to medical asap
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15
Q

Abdominal wounds

A

immediate surgical treatment is almost always necessary. do not touch or try to push intestines back into body if exposed. keep the victim calm

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16
Q

Head Wounds

A

never give any medications, keep victim laying flat unless wound is on back of head; then turn to side, watch for shock and do not use direct pressure if skull appears to be fractured

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17
Q

Eye injuries

A

Do not rub eyes, do not press against or try to manipulate it in any way, do not use objects to try and remove anything from the eye, use eye wash or fresh water to rinse eye

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18
Q

Facial Wounds

A

ensure airway is not blocked and allow blood to flow through the mouth

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19
Q

Types of bleeding

A

Veins - steady flow
Arteries - gushes out in rhythm of pulse
Capillaries - oozes out slowly

20
Q

Control Bleeding

A

Direct pressure
elevation
indirect pressure (pressure points)
tourniquet (last choice option)

21
Q

pressure points (22)

A

Facial (jaw) - bleeding below eyes
Sub clavin (collar bone) - shoulder/upper arm
Brachial (mid upper arm) - upper arm/elbow
Radial/Ulnar (wrist) - bleeding in the hand
Iliac (hip) - bleeding in the thigh
Anterior/Posterior Tibial (ankle) - bleeding in foot
superficial (ear) - bleeding from temple up
Femoral (hip) - bleeding from thigh
Popliteal (knee) - ankle/knee

22
Q

Spinal injuries

A

do not move unless necessary
lay flat and stabilize the neck
watch /treat for shock
keep reassured/comfortable

23
Q

Heat Exhaustion Signs/Symptoms

A

Pale skin that is cool and clammy to the touch, headache and nauseous

24
Q

Heat Exhaustion Treatment

A

remove extra clothing, lay down and apply cool compresses to armpits/groin, move to a cool place and give water or electrolyte fluids

25
Q

Heat Cramps Signs/Symptoms

A

Muscle cramps/spasms, excessive sweating

26
Q

Heat Cramps Treatment

A

Move to a cool place, give water and massage muscles

27
Q

Heat Stroke Signs/Symptoms

A

Nausea, dizziness, confusion, weakness, rapid breathing, flushed very hot skin

28
Q

Heat Stroke Treatment

A

Cool the body and transport to medical asap

29
Q

Prevention of Causalities

A

Education on proper hydration
Limit coffee, soda and caffeine intake
is a command responsibility

30
Q

Hypothermia

A

Cooling of the entire body below normal temps

31
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hypothermia

A

Progressive shivering, sluggishness, drowsiness, confusion, unconscious, shock, numbness

32
Q

Treatment Of Hypothermia

A

Move to a warm place and raise body temp with blankets or body to body heat transfer

33
Q

Prevention of cold injuries

A

warm layered clothing
keep clothing dry
gloves, insulated boots and gloves
keep hydrated

34
Q

Treatment of Fractures

A 
immobilize the limb
wrap with pressure
keep elevated
treat for shock
never apply force
35
Q

Reinforce Battle Dressings

A

apply additional sterile dressings over the battle dressing and secure with an elastic bandage

36
Q

Litter Bearer Procedures

A

use stretchers
fasten victim to stretcher
always move feet first/head first up a ladder

37
Q

MEDEVAC

A

Medical Evacuation

38
Q

How many lines of a MEDEVAC?

A

9

39
Q

Line 1

A

grid location for pick up

40
Q

Line 2

A

radio freq/call sign

41
Q

Line 3

A

number of patients by precedance

42
Q

Line 4

A

special equipment needed

43
Q

Line 5

A

number of patients by type

44
Q

Line 6

A

number and type of wounds

45
Q

Line 7

A

method of marking pickup site

46
Q

Line 8

A

patient nationality/status

47
Q

Line 9

A

NBC contamination

EXW Unit Specific (12 decks)

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