102 - Basic Field First Aid Flashcards
What is the purpose of first aid?
To save lives, prevent further injury and preserve vitality and resistance to infection
Steps to examining an injured person
- keep them lying down - move only if necessary
- reassure and keep comfortable
- do not touch open wounds or burns unless when sterile bandages are not available and it is necessary to stop severe bleeding
- do not give the unconscious food or drink
- do not move victims with broken bones until stabilized
- always transport feet first
- maintain body temp
ABC’s
Airway
Breathing
Conscious
Shock
A life threatening medical condition that results from insufficient blood flow through the body
Symptons of Shock
Weak/rapid pulse shallow rapid irregular breathing cool, pale, clammy skin nausea or vomiting weakness, fatigue, dizziness or faint
Treatment of Shock
Lay the victim down Keep them still and dont move loosen tight clothing cover with a blanket to prevent chilling no food or water turn onto side if vomiting to prevent choking
Types of Fractures
Simple (closed) - no break in the skin
Compound (open) - punctured through the skin
1st Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms
Superficial/minimal skin damage.
Red, minor swelling, inflammation and pain
1st Degree Burn Treatment
Soak in cool water, take ibuprofen and use antibiotic ointment to prevent infection
2nd Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms
extends past the top layer of skin, causes blisters and a mottled appearance with a red base
2nd Degree Bun Treatment
keep clean and bandage to prevent infection, use a cold compress, apply antibiotic cream, take ibuprofen
3rd Degree Burn Signs/Symptoms
The most severe/ causes the most damage - extends through all layers of skin and can cause nerve damage. Shows as dark/charred skin that is waxy looking
Rules of 9
used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected
Chest Wounds
Seal & secure (keep air tight) give oxygen if available watch for shock do not give food or drink transport to medical asap
Abdominal wounds
immediate surgical treatment is almost always necessary. do not touch or try to push intestines back into body if exposed. keep the victim calm
Head Wounds
never give any medications, keep victim laying flat unless wound is on back of head; then turn to side, watch for shock and do not use direct pressure if skull appears to be fractured
Eye injuries
Do not rub eyes, do not press against or try to manipulate it in any way, do not use objects to try and remove anything from the eye, use eye wash or fresh water to rinse eye
Facial Wounds
ensure airway is not blocked and allow blood to flow through the mouth
Types of bleeding
Veins - steady flow
Arteries - gushes out in rhythm of pulse
Capillaries - oozes out slowly
Control Bleeding
Direct pressure
elevation
indirect pressure (pressure points)
tourniquet (last choice option)
pressure points (22)
Facial (jaw) - bleeding below eyes
Sub clavin (collar bone) - shoulder/upper arm
Brachial (mid upper arm) - upper arm/elbow
Radial/Ulnar (wrist) - bleeding in the hand
Iliac (hip) - bleeding in the thigh
Anterior/Posterior Tibial (ankle) - bleeding in foot
superficial (ear) - bleeding from temple up
Femoral (hip) - bleeding from thigh
Popliteal (knee) - ankle/knee
Spinal injuries
do not move unless necessary
lay flat and stabilize the neck
watch /treat for shock
keep reassured/comfortable
Heat Exhaustion Signs/Symptoms
Pale skin that is cool and clammy to the touch, headache and nauseous
Heat Exhaustion Treatment
remove extra clothing, lay down and apply cool compresses to armpits/groin, move to a cool place and give water or electrolyte fluids
Heat Cramps Signs/Symptoms
Muscle cramps/spasms, excessive sweating
Heat Cramps Treatment
Move to a cool place, give water and massage muscles
Heat Stroke Signs/Symptoms
Nausea, dizziness, confusion, weakness, rapid breathing, flushed very hot skin
Heat Stroke Treatment
Cool the body and transport to medical asap
Prevention of Causalities
Education on proper hydration
Limit coffee, soda and caffeine intake
is a command responsibility
Hypothermia
Cooling of the entire body below normal temps
Signs/Symptoms of Hypothermia
Progressive shivering, sluggishness, drowsiness, confusion, unconscious, shock, numbness
Treatment Of Hypothermia
Move to a warm place and raise body temp with blankets or body to body heat transfer
Prevention of cold injuries
warm layered clothing
keep clothing dry
gloves, insulated boots and gloves
keep hydrated
Treatment of Fractures
immobilize the limb wrap with pressure keep elevated treat for shock never apply force
Reinforce Battle Dressings
apply additional sterile dressings over the battle dressing and secure with an elastic bandage
Litter Bearer Procedures
use stretchers
fasten victim to stretcher
always move feet first/head first up a ladder
MEDEVAC
Medical Evacuation
How many lines of a MEDEVAC?
9
Line 1
grid location for pick up
Line 2
radio freq/call sign
Line 3
number of patients by precedance
Line 4
special equipment needed
Line 5
number of patients by type
Line 6
number and type of wounds
Line 7
method of marking pickup site
Line 8
patient nationality/status
Line 9
NBC contamination
