10.10 HIV Flashcards
The spleen is an important site for storage of _ and _
The spleen is an important site for storage of platelets and lymphocytes (B & T)
* The spleen is considered a secondary lymphoid organ
The spleen also filters the blood and removes _
The spleen also filters the blood and removes damaged RBCs/ platelets
The spleen is also the site of _ before the development of bone marrow
The spleen is also the site of hematopoiesis before the development of bone marrow
The (red/ white) pulp of the splenic parenchyma functions to filter out the damaged RBCs from circulation and is involved in lymphocyte development
The red pulp of the splenic parenchyma functions to filter out the damaged RBCs from circulation and is involved in lymphocyte development
* We have more red pulp than white in our spleens
The white pulp in the spleen serves the main function as _
The white pulp in the spleen serves the main function as repository for lymphocytes
* Acts as a secondary immune organ
The spleen is located in _ quadrant of the body
The spleen is located in left upper quadrant of the body
* Inside the peritoneum
* It is the largest lymphovascular organ
The spleen is located (in front/ behind) the stomach and (above/ below) the diaphragm
The spleen is located behind the stomach and below the diaphragm
The two main functions of the splenic capsule are to _ and _
The two main functions of the splenic capsule are to:
1. Discharge RBCs into circulation
2. Stretch to accommodate incoming RBCs
The contractile cells found in the spleen are called _ ; they help discharge RBCs into circulation
The contractile cells found in the spleen are called myofibroblasts; they help discharge RBCs into circulation
The splenic capsule also has a layer of dense _ that will stretch to accommodate incoming blood cells as needed
The splenic capsule also has a layer of dense fibroelastic tissue that will stretch to accommodate incoming blood cells as needed
At the hilum, the splenic capsule forms septa called _ that pierce the splenic parenchyma so that the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerves can get send blood out
At the hilum, the splenic capsule forms septa called trabeculae that pierce the splenic parenchyma so that the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerves can get send blood out
The _ ligament connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach
The gastrosplenic ligament connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach
* Also contains the gastric arteries and veins and the gastroepiploic artery and vein
The _ ligament connects the spleen to the left kidney; it also contains the splenic artery and vein as well as the tail of the pancreas
The splenorenal ligament connects the spleen to the left kidney; it also contains the splenic artery and vein as well as the tail of the pancreas
The splenic artery is a branch off of the _ artery and it enters and exits the spleen at the _
The splenic artery is a branch off of the celiac artery and it enters and exits the spleen at the hilum
The splenic vein travels towards the liver and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the _
The splenic vein travels towards the liver and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
The splenic lymph nodes are found at the _ , next to the _
The splenic lymph nodes are found at the hilum , next to the tail of the pancreas
In open circulation, blood first enters the _ before RBCs can move through the sinusoids and back into circulation
In open circulation, blood first enters the splenic cords before RBCs can move through the sinusoids and back into circulation
What are splenic cords?
Splenic cords are extravascular structures that contain tissue macrophages that phagocytose the old RBCs
* They also contain reticular cells and connective tissue as support
During open circulation, RBCs will percolate through the splenic cords; then the healthy ones re-enter the circulation through the _
During open circulation, RBCs will percolate through the splenic cords; then the healthy ones re-enter the circulation through the splenic sinusoids
Explain the components of the slit-like openings in the spleen
Stave cells are elongated endothelial cells
* They are surrounded by reticular fibers, in a barrel like fashion
Only (damaged/ healthy) RBCs pass through the slits in the spleen
Only healthy, nonsenescent RBCs pass through the slits in the spleen –> enter the sinusoids –> return to circulation
* Damaged RBCs are inflexible and cannot pass through the slits; they are left behind to be phagocytosed by macrophages in the splenic cords
The two structures found in the white pulp are _ and _
The two structures found in the white pulp are periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) and splenic follicles
The PALS component of the white pulp mostly contains (B cells/ T cells)
The PALS component of the white pulp mostly contains T cells
The splenic follicles component of the white pulp mostly contains (B cells/ T cells)
The splenic follicles component of the white pulp mostly contains B cells
The center of the follicle is called the _ and contains the activated B cells
The center of the follicle is called the germinal center and contains the activated B cells
The _ lies just outside of the germinal center (follicle) and it contains _
The mantle zone lies just outside of the germinal center (follicle) and it contains resting B cells
The _ zone is found outside of the mantle zone, it is an important link between B-cell containing follicles and the T-cell containing PALS
The marginal zone is found outside of the mantle zone, it is an important link between B-cell containing follicles and the T-cell containing PALS
Maraviroc & Enfuvirtide
Maraviroc & Enfuvirtide: HIV entry and fushion inhibitor
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Zidovidine (AZT)
Didanosine
Stavudine
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Zidovidine (AZT)
Didanosine
Stavudine
NRTIs - Reverse transcription inhibitors (nucleotide/ nucleoside)
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
Etravirine
Doravirine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
Etravirine
Doravirine
NNRTIs- Reverse transcrption inhibitors (non-nucleoside)
Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Dolutegravir
Bictegravir
Cabotegravir
Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Dolutegravir
Bictegravir
Cabotegravir
Integration inhibitors
Darunavir
Atazanavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Darunavir
Atazanavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Budding/ maturation (protease inhibitors)
Maraviroc is a drug that prevents the binding of HIV to human cells by blocking the receptor, _
Maraviroc is a drug that prevents the binding of HIV to human cells by blocking the receptor, CCR5
Enfuvirtide blocks the entry of HIV by binding to glycoprotein _
Enfuvirtide blocks the entry of HIV by binding to glycoprotein gp41
* Becomes exposed once HIV binds to gp120
Tenofovir is an HIV nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that acts as a _ analog
Tenofovir is an HIV nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that acts as a adenosine analog