10.1 species

Question 1

species

Answer 1

are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring

have observable similarities

Question 2

binomial system

Answer 2

universal system used to name organisms
first name is genus
second name is species

Question 3

5 ways courtship behaviour helps successful mating

Answer 3

1. recognise members of their own species to produce fertile offspring
2. identify mate that is capable of breeding
3. form a pair bond
4. synchronise mating so max probability of sperm and egg fusing
5. makes them able to breed by bringing them into physiological state

Question 4

artificial classification

Answer 4

divides organisms according to differences in analogous characteristics
e.g. colour, size, number of legs, leaf shape

Question 5

analogous characteristics

Answer 5

same function but different evolutionary origin

Question 6

phylogenetic classification

Answer 6

based upon evolutionary relationships between organism and ancestors(homologous characteristics)

classifies species into groups using shared features derived from ancestors

arranges groups into hierachy

Question 7

homologous characteristics

Answer 7

similar evolutionary origins regardless of function in adult species

Question 8

taxonomy

Answer 8

study of groups within a phylogenetic biological classification and their positions in a hierarchal order(taxonomic ranks)

Question 9

Order of taxonomic ranks

Answer 9

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 10

Taxonomic rank mnemonic

Answer 10

delicious king prawn curry or fat greasy sausages

Question 11

domain

Answer 11

contains bacteria, archaea and eukarya

Question 12

6 bacteria features

Answer 12

1. single-celled prokaryotes
2. absence of membrane-bound 3. organelles(nuclei or mitochondria)
3. unicellular
4. ribosomes are smaller(70s) than euakryotic cells
5. cell walls are present and made of murein(no chitin or cellulose)
6. single loop of naked dna made up of nucleic acid but no histones

Question 13

5 archaea features

Answer 13

1. single-celled prokaryotes
2. genes and protein synthesis similair to eukaryotes
3. membranes contain fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages
4. no murein in cell walls
5. more complex form of RNA polymerase than bacteria

Question 14

4 eukarya features

Answer 14

1. cells posses membrane bounded organelles(e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts)
2. have membranes containing fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ester linkages
3. not all possess cells with cell wall, but where they do is no murein
4. ribosomes are larger 80s

Question 15

eukarya domain

Answer 15

divided into 4 kingdoms: protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia

Question 16

phylum

Answer 16

largest group in kingdom is phyla

organism in each phylum have radically different body plan from organisms in other ones

divided into classes due to diversity

Question 17

order

Answer 17

class divided into orders of organisms that have additional features in common

Question 18

phylogeny

Answer 18

evolutionary relationship between organism- line of descent

Question 19

7 difficulties in defining species

Answer 19

1. species aren’t fixed forever as they change and evolve
2. in species is considerable variation among individuals(artificial selection)
3. many species are extinct and haven’t left fossil record
4. some species rarely reproduce sexually
5. members of different popn of same species may be isolated so don’t interbreed
6. popns of organisms that are isolated may be classified as different species when they shouldn’‘t be(can interbreed)
7. some organisms are sterile