101 JOINT PLANNING PROCESS Flashcards
101.1 Explain the role of Doctrine
JP 1 I.1.b. Joint Doctrine. The purpose of joint doctrine is to enhance the operational effectiveness of joint forces by providing fundamental principles that guide the employment of US military forces toward a common objective. With the exception of Joint Publication (JP) 1, joint doctrine will not establish policy. However, the use of joint doctrine standardizes terminology, training, relationships, responsibilities, and processes among all US forces to free joint force commanders (JFCs) and their staffs to focus their efforts on solving strategic, operational, and tactical problems. Using historical analysis of the employment of the military instrument of national power in operations and contemporary lessons, these fundamental principles represent what is taught, believed, and advocated as what works best to achieve national objectives.
101.2 Explain the Unified Command Plan along with the role of each command
JP 5-0 II.5.c. Unified Command Plan (UCP). The UCP sets forth basic guidance to all Combatant Command Commanders (CCDRs). The UCP establishes Combatant Command (CCMD) missions and responsibilities; addresses assignment of forces; delineates geographic Areas of Responsibility (AORs) for geographic combatant commanders (GCCs); and specifies responsibilities for functional combatant commanders (FCCs). The unified command structure identified in the UCP is flexible and changes as required to accommodate evolving US national security needs. Title 10, USC, Section 161, tasks CJCS to conduct a review of the UCP “not less often than every two years” and submit recommended changes to the President through SecDef. This document provides broad guidance that CCDRs and planners can use to derive tasks and missions during the development and modification of CCMD plans.
http://www.defense.gov/Sites/Unified-Combatant-Commands
Geographic Combatant Commands:
• United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM) is responsible for military relations with African nations, the African Union and African regional security organizations.
• United States Central Command (USCENTCOM) is responsible for operations in twenty countries that fall in the “central” area of the globe: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen.
• United States European Command (USEUCOM) works with NATO and other partner nations to address the security and defense needs of nations in Europe and parts of the Middle East and Eurasia.
• United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) operates in the area of responsibility encompassing the continental United States, Alaska, Mexico, Canada, portions of the Caribbean and surrounding waters. NORTHCOM is primarily responsible for civil support and homeland security and also oversees the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).
• United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) oversees an area of responsibility stretching from the waters of the United States west coast to the western border of India, and from Antarctica to the North Pole, encompassing 36 diverse nations.
• United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) oversees an area of responsibility encompassing 31 nations in Latin America south of Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean Sea.
Functional Combatant Commands:
• The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) is responsible for planning for and conducting special operations. It offers direct action in the form of short duration strikes and small-scale offensives, special reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, civil affairs operations, counterterrorism, psychological operations, information operations, counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, security force assistance, and, counterinsurgency operations.
• The United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) conducts global operations in partnership with other Combatant Commands, services and U.S. government agencies to deter and detect strategic attacks against the United States. USSTRATCOM is responsible for command of U.S. nuclear capabilities, space operations, global surveillance and reconnaissance, intelligence, communications, computers, global missile defense and combatting weapons of mass destruction.
• The United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) provides the Department of Defense with an aggregate of transportation capabilities and assets. Together with commercial partnerships, USTRANSCOM enables a diverse array of joint mobility missions.
101.3 Explain the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) and the Guidance for Employment of the Force.
JP 1 II.2.b. Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF). The GEF provides Presidential and SecDef politico-military comprehensive, near-term planning guidance. The GEF is guided by the
UCP and National Defense Strategy (NDS) and forms the basis for strategic policy guidance, campaign plans, and the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP).
JP 5-0 II.5.d. The GEF provides two-year direction to CCMDs for operational planning, force management, security cooperation, and posture planning. The GEF is the method through which Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) translates strategic priorities set in the National Security Strategy (NSS), NDS, and Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) into implementable direction for operational activities. It consolidates and integrates DOD planning guidance related to operations and other military activities into a single, overarching guidance document. It replaces guidance DOD previously promulgated through the Contingency Planning Guidance, Security Cooperation Guidance, Policy Guidance for the Employment of Nuclear Weapons, and various policy memoranda related to Global Force Management (GFM) and Global Defense Posture. The GEF is an essential document for CCMD planners as it provides the strategic end states for the deliberate planning of campaign plans and contingency plans. It also directs the level of planning detail as well as assumptions, which must be considered during the development of plans.
The GEF tells the CCDRs what actions they have to develop plans for and to what level the plans should be completed. The GIF directs the development of:
(1) Campaign Plans. Global campaign plans and theater campaign plans (TCPs) are the centerpiece of the planning construct and “operationalize” CCMD theater or functional strategies. Campaign plans focus on the command’s steady-state activities, which include ongoing operations, military engagement, security cooperation, deterrence, and other shaping or preventive activities. Campaign plans provide the vehicle for linking steady-state shaping activities to the attainment of strategic and military end states.
(2) Contingency Plans. The GEF guides the development of contingency plans, which are built to account for the possibility that steady-state activities could fail to prevent aggression, preclude large-scale instability in a key state or region, or mitigate the effects of a major disaster. Under the GEF’s campaign planning concept, contingency plans are conceptually considered branches of the overarching campaign plans.
(3) Global Posture provides DOD-wide global defense posture (forces, footprint, and agreements) realignment guidance, to include DOD’s broad strategic themes for posture changes and overarching posture planning guidance, which inform the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) theater posture planning guidance. Global posture establishes the requirement for CCDRs to submit theater posture plans annually to support TCPs and contingency plans. Posture plans align basing and forces to ensure theater and global security, respond to contingency scenarios, and provide strategic flexibility.
(4) Global Force Management guides the global sourcing processes of CCMD force requirements. It provides Joint Staff (JS) and force providers a decision framework for making assignment and allocation recommendations to SecDef and apportionment recommendations to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It also allows SecDef to make proactive, risk informed force management decisions.
JP 5-0 II.6.b Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP). The JSCP implements campaign, contingency, and posture planning guidance reflected in the GEF. The JSCP is the primary vehicle through which the CJCS directs the preparation of joint plans. The JSCP provides guidance to CCDRs, Service Chiefs, Combat Support Agencies (CSAs), and applicable DOD agencies for preparation of campaign plans and contingency plans based on current military capabilities. It serves as the link between strategic guidance provided in the GEF and the joint operation plans. In addition to communicating guidance for deliberate planning, the JSCP also translates strategic policy end states from the GEF into military campaign and contingency plan guidance, and expands guidance to include global defense posture, security cooperation, and other steady-state activities. The JSCP provides guidance to accomplish tasks and missions based on near-term military capabilities.
The GEF and JSCP provide specific planning guidance for preparation of their theater campaign plans (TCPs), global campaign plans (GCPs), subordinate campaign plans, and contingency plans.
101.4 Explain Area of Responsibility (AOR)
JP 1 GL.II Area of Responsibility (AOR). The geographical area associated with a combatant command within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. AORs are assigned in the UCP.
101.5 Explain Directive Authority for Logistics (DAFL)
JP 4-0 II.2.a. Directive Authority for Logistics (DAFL). CCDRs exercise authoritative direction over logistics resources in their AOR. This means the CCDR can direct one service to support another with goods without payback. DAFL cannot be delegated or transferred. However, the CCDR may delegate the responsibility for the planning, execution, and/or management of common support capabilities to a subordinate JFC or Service component commander. For some commodities or support services common to two or more Services, the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense may designate one provider as the Executive Agent. The exercise of DAFL by a CCDR includes the authority to issue directives to subordinate commanders, including peacetime measures necessary for the execution of approved OPLANs; effectiveness and economy of operation; and prevention or elimination of unnecessary duplication of facilities and overlapping of functions among the Service component commands.
During crisis action, wartime conditions, or where critical situations make diversion of the normal logistics process necessary, DAFL enables CCDRs to use all facilities and supplies of all forces assigned to their commands. The President or SecDef may extend this authority to attached forces when transferring forces for a specific mission, and should specify this authority in the establishing directive or order.
In exercising DAFL, CCDRs have an inherent obligation to ensure accountability of resources. This obligation is an acknowledgement of the Military Departments’ Title 10, USC, responsibilities and recognizes that the Military Departments, with rare exceptions, do not resource their forces to support other DOD forces. In that regard, CCDRs will coordinate with appropriate Service components before exercising DAFL or delegating authority for subordinate commanders to exercise common support capabilities to one of their components. In keeping with the Title 10, USC, roles of the Military Departments, CCDRs should maintain an accounting of resources taken from one Service component and provided to another. This accounting can be used to reimburse the losing Service component in kind over time within the AOR when possible, or can be used to pass back a requirement to DOD for resource actions to re-balance Military Department resource accounts.
101.6 Explain the following: COCOM
JP 1 II.7. Combatant Commands (CCDR). The President, through SecDef and with the advice and assistance of the CJCS, establishes combatant (unified) commands for the performance of military missions and prescribes the force structure of such commands. CCMD are established via the UCP. The commander of a combatant command is a Combatant Commander (CCDR).
101.6 Explain the following: Military Component Commander
JP 1 IV.8. Service Component Commander. A Service component command, assigned to a CCDR, consists of the Service component commander and the Service forces (such as individuals, units, detachments, and organizations, including the support forces) that have been assigned to that CCDR. Forces assigned to CCDRs are identified in the Global Force Management Implementation Guidance (GFMIG) signed by SecDef. Service components can only be assigned under COCOM to one CCDR. However, Service component commanders may support multiple CCDRs in a supporting relationship, while not assigned to any of the supported CCDRs.
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command is a Service Component Command assigned to US Central Command.
101.6 Explain the following: Task Force
JP 3-32 GL. Task Force (TF). A component of a fleet organized by the Fleet commander or higher authority for the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks. Also called TF or CTF (Commander Task Force). The Fleet is made up of several Task Forces (CTF 53 is the logistics task force for Fifth Fleet). The Fleet commander directs task forces. Task force commanders direct task groups. A task force may be a number of ships, squadrons, detachments, units or just one element.
101.6 Explain the following: Task Group
JP 3-32 GL. Task Group (TG). A component of naval task force organized by the commander of a task force or higher authority. The task force commander directs tasks groups. A task force may be made up of several task groups. (CTG 53.1 is the Combat Logistics Force Task Group for CTF 53.) A task group may be a number of ships, squadrons, detachments, units or just one element.
101.6 Explain the following: Task Unit
JP 3-32 GL. Task Unit (TU). A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group or higher authority. The task group commander directs tasks units. A task group may be made up of several task units. (CTU 53.1.1 is the Combat Logistics Force Task Unit that operates inside the Persian Gulf for Task Group CTG 53.1) A task unit may be a number of ships, squadrons, detachments, units or just one element.
101.7 Explain the following: Combatant Command (COCOM)
JP 1 V.2 Combatant Command (COCOM). COCOM is the command authority over assigned forces vested only in the commanders of CCMDs by Title 10, USC, Section 164 (or as otherwise directed by the President or SecDef) and cannot be delegated or transferred. COCOM provides full authority for a CCDR to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training (or in the case of USSOCOM, training of assigned forces), and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command.
101.7 Explain the following: Operational Control (OPCON)
JP 1 V.3 Operational Command (OPCON). OPCON is the command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon. It is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction. OPCON provides authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the commander considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. It does not include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training.
101.7 Explain the following: Tactical Control (TACON)
JP 1 V.4 Tactical Control (TACON). TACON is an authority over assigned or attached forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements and maneuvers within the operational area. TACON is able to be delegated from a lesser authority than OPCON and may be delegated to and exercised by commanders at any echelon. TACON provides the authority to give direction for military operations, and, control designated forces (e.g., ground forces, aircraft sorties, or missile launches). TACON provides sufficient authority for controlling and directing the application of force or tactical use of combat support assets within the assigned mission or task. TACON does not provide organizational authority or authoritative direction for administrative and logistic support.
101.7 Explain the following: Administrative Control (ADCON)
JP 1 V.9.a Administrative Control (ADCON). ADCON is the exercise of authority over subordinate organizations with respect to administration and support, including organization of Service forces, control of resources and equipment, personnel management, logistics, individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization, demobilization, discipline, and other matters not included in the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations. ADCON is synonymous with administration and support responsibilities. This is the authority necessary to fulfill Military Department statutory responsibilities for administration and support. ADCON is subject to the command authority of CCDRs. Service commanders exercising ADCON will not usurp the authorities assigned by a CCDR having COCOM.
101.7 Explain the following: Supporting/Supported
JP 1 V.5 Supporting/Supported. Support is a command authority. A support relationship is established by a common superior commander between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid, protect, complement, or sustain another force. The support command relationship is used by SecDef to establish and prioritize support between and among CCDRs, and it is used by JFCs to establish support relationships between and among subordinate commanders. The designation of supporting relationships is important as it conveys priorities to commanders and staffs that are planning or executing joint operations. The support command relationship is, by design, a somewhat vague but very flexible arrangement. The establishing authority is responsible for ensuring that both the supported commander and supporting commanders understand the degree of authority that the supported commander is granted. The supported commander should ensure that the supporting commanders understand the assistance required. The supporting commanders will then provide the assistance needed, subject to a supporting commander’s existing capabilities. When a supporting commander cannot fulfill the needs of the supported commander, the establishing authority will be notified by either the supported commander or a supporting commander. The establishing authority is responsible for determining a solution.
