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NCM 101 / 103 > 101 CULTURE & ETHNICITY > Flashcards

101 CULTURE & ETHNICITY Flashcards

1
Q

it is holistic and encompasses the client’s perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the client’s culture

A

nursing care

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2
Q

it is care that is centered on the client’s cultural point of view and integrates the client’s values and beliefs into the plan of care

A

culturally responsive care

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3
Q

refers to the “thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups”

A

culture

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4
Q

it is usually composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group

A

subculture

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5
Q

it is used to describe a person who has multiple patterns of identification or crosses several cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values

A

multicultural

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6
Q

refers to the fact or state of being different

A

diversity

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7
Q

is a term with many definitions, often used interchangeably with the terms ethnicity and culture

A

race

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8
Q

is a term often interchangeably used with race

A

ethnicity

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9
Q

may be viewed as a relationship among individuals who believe that they have distinctive characteristics that make them a group

A

ethnicity

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10
Q

is sometimes used interchangeably with ethnicity or citizenship

A

nationality

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11
Q

refers to the sovereign state or country where an individual has membership, which may be through birth, through inheritance (parents), or through naturalization

A

nationality

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12
Q

may be considered a system of beliefs, practices, and ethical values about divine or superhuman power worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe

A

religion

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13
Q

is the belief in the superiority of one’s own culture and lifestyle

A

ethnocentrism

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14
Q

the fear or dislike of people different from one’s self

A

xenophobia

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15
Q

is a preconceived notion or judgment that is not based on sufficient knowledge; it may be favorable or unfavorable

A

prejudice

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16
Q

other types of prejudice

A

racial prejudice

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17
Q

refers to assumptions held about racial groups

A

racism

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18
Q

refers to the negative treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender, or other group membership

A

discrimination

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19
Q

statements about common cultural patterns

A

generalizations

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20
Q

refers to making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with being a member of a group

A

stereotyping

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21
Q

are the differences in care experienced by one population compared with another population

A

health disparities

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22
Q

4 categories of determinants of health

A

social, behavioral, environmental, and biological and genetic determinants of health

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23
Q

it includes:

gender, socioeconomic status, employment status, educational attainment, food security status, availability of housing and transportation, racism, and health system access and quality

A

social determinants of health

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24
Q

it includes:

patterns of overweight and obesity; exercise norms; and use of illicit drugs, tobacco, or alcohol

A

behavioral determinants of health

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25
it includes: lead exposure, asthma triggers, workplace safety factors, unsafe or polluted living conditions
environmental determinants of health
26
it includes: family history of heart disease and inherited conditions such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis
biological and genetic determinants of health
27
“The responsibility of supporting cultural competence is shared among individual nurses, employers, educators, professional associations, regulatory bodies, unions, accreditation organizations, government and the public”
cultural models of nursing care
28
the term transcultural nursing has been promulgated by the theorist ___
Madeleine Leininger
29
focuses on providing care within the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterns of cultures
transcultural nursing
30
created the theory of culture care diversity and universality
Madeleine Leininger
31
is “the ongoing process in which the health care professional continu- ously strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively within the cultural context of the patient (individual, family, community).”
cultural competence
32
cultural competence
Campinha-Bacote (2011)
33
5 constructs under cultural competence
cultural desire, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, and cultural encounters
34
the motivation to “want to”engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, culturally skillful, and seeking cultural encounters
cultural desire
35
self-examination of one’s own prejudices and biases toward other cultures, and an in-depth exploration of one’s own cultural/ethnic background
cultural awareness
36
obtaining a sound educational foundation concerning the various worldviews of different cultures
cultural knowledge
37
the ability to collect culturally relevant data regarding the client’s health in a culturally sensitive manner
cultural skills
38
engaging in face-to-face cultural interactions with persons from diverse backgrounds, and learning to modify one’s existing beliefs and prevent possible stereotyping
cultural encounters
39
is predicated on the concept of holistic health and describes what people do from a traditional perspective to maintain, protect, and restore health
HEALTH traditions model (Spector, 2013)
40
refers to those customs, beliefs, or practices that have existed for many generations without changing
traditional
41
it includes all physical aspects, such as genetic inheritance, body chemistry, gender, age, nutrition, and physical condition
body
42
it includes cognitive processes, such as thoughts, memories, and knowledge of such emotional processes as feelings, defenses, and self-esteem
mind
43
it includes both positive and negative learned spiritual practices and teachings, dreams, symbols, stories, protecting forces, and metaphysical or native forces
spirit
44
thousand-year-old eggs represent traditional foods that may be eaten daily to maintain ___ HEALTH (China)
physical
45
enjoyment of nature, the natural environment, may be a universal way of maintaining ___ HEALTH
mental
46
Islamic prayer represents a way of maintaining ___ HEALTH (East Jerusalem)
spiritual
47
Red string may be worn to protect ___ HEALTH (Tomb of Rachel in Bethlehem, Israel)
physical
48
eye represents the plethora of eye-related objects that may be worn or hung in the home to protect the ___ HEALTH of people by shielding them from the envy and bad wishes of others (Cuba)
mental
49
thunderbird may be worn for ___ protection and good luck (Hopi Nation)
spiritual
50
herbal remedy represents aromatic plants that may be used by people from all ethnocultural traditional backgrounds as one method of restoring ___ HEALTH (Africa)
physical
51
Tiger balm represents substances that are used in massage therapy as a way of restoring ___ HEALTH (Singapore)
mental
52
Rosary beads symbolize prayer and meditation methods used in the ___ restoration of HEALTH (Italy)
spiritual
53
3 commonly held views of health beliefs
magico-religious, scientific / biomedical, and holistic
54
health and illness are controlled by supernatural forces
magico-religious health belief view
55
client may believe that illness is the result of “being bad” or op- posing the creator(s)’ will
magico-religious health belief view
56
is based on the belief that life is controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated by humans
scientific or biomedical health belief
57
client with this view will be- lieve that illness is caused by germs, viruses, bacteria, or a breakdown of the body
scientific or biomedical health belief
58
holds that the forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony.
holistic health belief
59
is one aspect of nature that must be in harmony with the rest of nature. When the natural balance or harmony is disturbed, illness results
human life
60
is defined as those beliefs and practices relating to illness prevention and healing that derive from cultural traditions rather than from modern medicine’s scientific base
folk medicine
61
is considered the basic unit of society; however, the concept of family is complex and influenced by personal and social values
family pattern
62
are closely interconnected. Through communication, the culture is transmitted from one generation to the next, and knowledge about the culture is transmitted within the group and to those outside the group
communication and culture
63
converts written material (such as client education pamphlets) from one language into another
translator
64
is able to transform the message expressed in a spoken or signed source language into its equivalent in a target language, so that the interpreted message has the potential of eliciting the same response in the listener as the original message
interpreter
65
interpreter must also serve as a ___ and engage both provider and client effectively and efficiently in accessing the nuances and hidden socio-cultural assumptions embedded in each other’s language
cultural broker
66
it includes the use of silence, touch, eye movement, facial expressions, and body posture
nonverbal communication
67
is a relative concept that includes the individual, the body, the surrounding environment, and objects within that environment
space
68
refers to an individual’s focus on the past, the present, or the future
time orientation
69
most cultures have staple foods that are plentiful or readily accessible in the environment
nutritional patterns
70
2 are are quick assessment tools to better understand the client’s perspective
LEARN model and the 4’Cs
71
is a commonly used tool (Berlin & Fowkes, 1983)
LEARN
72
LEARN
Listen Explain Acknowledge Recommeng Negotiate
73
actively with empathy to the client’s perception of the problem
listen
74
what you think you heard/ask for clarification
explain
75
the importance of what is said and what it means
acknowledge
76
inclusive strategies
recommend
77
the plan of care by collaborating with the client and others
negotiate
78
were developed by Slavin, Galanti, and Kuo (as cited in Galanti, 2012)
4 C’s of Culture
79
4 C’s
call, caused, cope, concerns

NCM 101 / 103 (3 decks)

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