10.1 Classification & 5 Kingdoms

Question 1

Classification?

Answer 1

Name given to the process by which living organisms are sorted into groups; within each group, they share similar features.

Question 2

Classification Systems

Answer 2

Until recently, the most widely used system contained 7 groups ordered in a hierarchy - known as taxonomic groups.

Linnaeus System:
Kingdom (King)
Phylum (Philip)
Class (can't)
Order (order)
Family (freaking)
Genus (great)
Species (sex)

Question 3

Linnaeus vs Woese

Answer 3

Carl Linnaeus invented the original 7 group, 5 kingdom system.
Carl Woese added another kingdom and sub-divided the prokaryotes into archaea bacteria and eubacteria.

Question 4

Why do we classify organisms?

Answer 4

1. t identify species
2. to predict characteristics
3. to find evolutionary links

Question 5

5 kingdom system

Answer 5

1. prokayotes - unicellular, no nucleus, no visible feeding mechanism.
2. protoctista - unicellular, has a nucleus, some have chloroplasts, nutrients absorbed by photosynthesis.
3. fungi - uni/multicellular, has a nucleus, no chloroplasts, absorbs nutrients, stores food as glycogen.
4. plantae - multicellular, has a nucleus, chloroplasts, store food as starch.
5. animalia - multicellular, has a nucleus, no chloroplasts, food stored as glycogen.

Question 6

3 domain, 6 kingdom (Woese) system

Answer 6

3 domains = bacteria, archaea, eukarya

bacertia -> eubacteria (found in all environments, has different chemical makeup to archaebacteria.

archaea -> archaebacteria (can live in extreme environments)

eukarya -> protoctista, plantae, fungi, animals

Question 7

What are some Changes to the classification System

Answer 7

Scientists have learnt about genetic material so can now study evolutionary and genetic relationships.

Woese’s system groups organisms using differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cells’ ribosomal RNA, the cells’ membrane lipid structure and their sensitivity of antibiotics.

In each domain, there’s a unique form of rRNA and different ribosomes:
Eukarya - 80 ribosomes/RNA polymerase (responsible for most mRNA transcription) contains 12 proteins.

Archaea - 70s ribosomes/RNA polymerase has 8-10 proteins.

Bacteria - 70s ribosomes/5 proteins