10.1

Question 1

They commonly infect the gastrointestinal tract and can cause a wide range of illnesses, including mild respiratory infections, hand, foot, and mouth disease (caused by coxsackievirus), viral meningitis, and myocarditis.

Answer 1

Enteroviruses

Question 2

A highly regulated process by which cells undergo self-destruction in a controlled manne

Answer 2

Apoptosis

Question 3

form of cell death that is typically associated with pathological processes and involves cellular swelling, rupture, and inflammation

Answer 3

Necrosis

Question 4

often occurs in cells that are dysfunctional, damaged, or no longer needed by the body

Answer 4

Apoptosis.

Question 5

Nucleus is impacted early in process. What cell death

Answer 5

Apoptosis

Question 6

Nucleus is impacted late in process. What cell death

Answer 6

Necrosis

Question 7

passive and uncontrolled form of cell death

Answer 7

Necrosis

Question 8

This type of necrosis is characterized by the preservation of tissue architecture but loss of cellular structure.

Answer 8

Coagulative necrosis

Question 9

This type of necrosis is often seen in ischemic injury, such as myocardial infarction, where the affected tissue becomes pale and firm

Answer 9

Coagulative necrosis

Question 10

This type of necrosis results in the dissolution of tissue, leading to the formation of a liquid-filled cavity

Answer 10

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 11

This type of necrosis is commonly seen in areas of bacterial infection, such as abscesses, where immune cells release enzymes that degrade tissue

Answer 11

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 12

This type of necrosis is characterized by the formation of a soft, cheese-like necrotic material

Answer 12

Caseous Necrosis

Question 13

This type of necrosis is often seen in granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis, where the immune system walls off infected tissue to prevent the spread of infection

Answer 13

Caseous Necrosis

Question 14

This type of necrosis typically occurs in extremities (such as toes or fingers) and is characterized by dry or wet gangrene

Answer 14

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 15

results from ischemia without bacterial infection, leading to tissue mummification

Answer 15

Dry gangrene

Question 16

involves bacterial infection and tissue liquefaction.

Answer 16

Wet gangrene

Question 17

neurological disorder characterixed by recurrent seizures

Answer 17

epilepsy

Question 18

rhythmic jerking movements

Answer 18

convusion

Question 19

Seizures can involve dierent types of muscle activity. What are the two?

Answer 19

Clonus refers to rapid, repetitive muscle contractions
Tonus refers to sustained muscle contractions (stiffening)

Question 20

Sensory or perceptual disturbances that some individuals experience before the onset of a seizure

Answer 20

auras

Question 21

Two main classes of seizures

Answer 21

focal and generalized seizures

Question 22

– seizures may have localized symptoms, such as twitching in a specific
part of the body or alterations in perception.

Answer 22

focal

Question 23

seizures typically involve widespread eects, such as loss
of consciousness

Answer 23

generalized

Question 24

These seizures typically involve localized symptoms without loss of consciousness. They often manifest as sensory or motor disturbances, such as tingling sensations, muscle twitching, or jerking movements.

Answer 24

simple partial (focal seizure)

Question 25

Also known as focal impaired awareness seizures,

these seizures are characterized by alterations in consciousness and complex motor or sensory phenomena.

They commonly arise from the temporal lobes of the brain and may involve motor symptoms such as repetitive movements or automatisms (repetitive, purposeless behaviors).

Answer 25

complex partial (focal seizure)

Question 26

tonic-clonic seizure also called (generalized seizure)

Answer 26

grand mal seizure

Question 27

absense also called (generalized seizure)

Answer 27

petit mal seizure

Question 28

During an – seizure, the individual may appear to stare blankly into space, with a sudden onset and oset of the seizure activity.

Answer 28

absence

Question 29

– seizures are often associated with a brief loss of awareness or responsiveness, but they do not typically involve convulsive movements.

Answer 29

Absence

Question 30

Treatments for epilepsy

Answer 30

Anti-epileptic medication
Vagal nerve stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Ketogenic diet
Surgery