101 Flashcards
Discuss the origin of the Marine Corps. [ref. b, p. 1-2-3]
The Marine Corps was created on 10 Nov, 1775 in Philadelphia at Tun Tavern, by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which “raised two battalions of Marines.”
Explain the Marine Corps motto, Semper Fidelis. [ref. b, p.1-2-3]
The official motto for the Marine Corps, “Semper Fidelis,” is Latin for “Always Faithful.” The motto, sometimes abbreviated, “Semper Fi,” was adopted about 1883.
Describe the Marine Corps emblem and state its significance [ref. b, pp. 1-2-9, 1-2-10]
• Eagle – Stands for pride of country
• Globe – Signifies global service
• Fouled Anchor – Signifies maritime traditions
• The eagle is standing on the western hemisphere and its beak is holding a scroll with the Marine Corps motto, “Semper Fidelis.”
o Adopted/modified by BG Jacob Zeilin in 1868 from British Royal Marines.
Explain the following terms/phrases used throughout the Marine Corps: [ref. b, pp. 1-2-11 thru 1-2-14]
• Leatherneck - Leather stock around neck to protect from saber slashes but a side effect was that it kept the head erect (1775 – 1875).
What was the USMC nickname earned at the battle of Belleau Wood?
• Devil dog – Nickname from WWI (1918) “Battle of Belleau Wood.”
o German “Teufelhunden” - translated “Devil Dogs.”
What latin phrase describes the ‘pride in unit’ valued by the USMC and what does it mean?
• Esprit de corps - Latin “The Spirit of the Unit.”
o It is the epitome of pride in a unit.
o It implies devotion and loyalty.
o Deep regard for history, traditions, and honor of the unit.
Where did the phrase “Uncommon valor was a common virtue” come from?
• “Uncommon valor was a common virtue” - Quote from Admiral Nimitz in regard to USMC fighting ability on Iwo Jima.
o Iwo Jima was the largest all-Marine battle in history.
o Applied to entire USMC’s contribution during WWII.
Explain the FMFWO device
• FMFQO Device – The eagle, globe, and anchor make a clear statement that the wearer is a member of the Navy/Marine Corps team.
o The surf wave crashing on the sandy beach (littoral zone) represents forward from the sea.
o The two crossed rifles represent riflemen ethic.
o The scroll is emblazoned with Fleet Marine Force (1982).
What significant event in Marine Corps history occurred in 1847?
1847 - During the Mexican War, Marines occupied the “Halls of Montezuma” during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City.
The royal palace fell to invading Marines, who were among the first United States troops to enter the capital. Marines also helped take California.
What significant event in Marine Corps history occurred in 1805?
1805 - Marines stormed the Barbary pirates’ stronghold at Derna on the “Shores of Tripoli.“
Marines raised the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere.
The Battle of Iwo Jima is famous for which two reasons?
They had the highest casualty rate for the Marines in their entire history. Of the 70,000 Marines, 1 out of 4 were killed or wounded.
The raising of the flag on top of Mt. Suribachi.
Explain the phrase “First to flight”
Marines have been in the forefront of every American war since the founding of the Marine Corps. They entered the Revolution in 1775, just before the Declaration of Independence was signed. They have carried out more than 300 landings on foreign shores. They have served everywhere, from the poles to the tropics. Their record of readiness reflects pride, responsibility and challenge.
Who is Opha Mae Johnson?
Private Johnson became the Marine Corps’ first enlisted woman on 13 August, 1918. Her enlistment was a reflection of the dramatic changes in the status of women brought about by the entry of the United States into World War I. Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps’ first enlisted women were known. They were better known as “skirt Marines” and “Marinettes.”
Who is Archibald Henderson?
Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became Commandant in 1820 and held this command until his death in 1859, a period of 39 years. General Henderson led the Corps through the Indian Wars, the War with Mexico, the “opening” of China, and the disorder’s in Central America. The “Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps,” as he is often called, introduced higher standards of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have the Marine Corps known as a professional military force, capable of more than just sea and guard duties.
Name the 2 Marines who were awarded the Medal of Honor twice
SgtMaj Dan Daily
Maj Gen Smedly Butler
Name the 6 areas of Naval Doctrine.
"COWLIP" Naval Command & Control Naval Operations Naval Warfare Naval Logistics Naval Intelligence Naval Planning
USMC Rank E1
Private
USMC Rank E2
Private First Class
