10.02.13 Exam

Question 1

What are the 5 most important lab safety rules?

Answer 1

1. Follow all instructions
2. Always have the supervision and approval of teacher
3. Do not engage in horseplay
4. Never eat or drink in the lab
5. Keep work areas clean and uncluttered

Question 2

What is the base unit for measurement for mass, length and volume?

Answer 2

Length - the distance between two points, METER (m)
Volume - space taken up , LITER (L)
Mass - the amount of matter GRAM (g)

Question 3

What equipment do we use to make measurements?

Answer 3

Length (m) - metric rulers & meter sticks
Liter (L) - graduated cylinders
Mass (g) - Balance

Question 4

What is the systematic method for finding answers to questions?

Answer 4

Scientific Inquiry

Question 5

What are the steps to Scientific Inquiry and why are they important?

Answer 5

1. Pose a question -
2. Form a hypothesis - set of testable observations
3. Design an experiment - to see if the hypothesis is correct
4. Collect and interpret data - provides evidence
5. Draw conclusions - Will either support or reject your hypothesis
6. Communicate - share with other scientists and gather more information.

Question 6

What is a variable in an experiment?

Answer 6

One of the factors that can change in an experiment

Question 7

What happens to temperature, pressure, and the state of matter the deeper you go in Earth?

Answer 7

Temperature increases, Pressure increases,

Question 8

How do materials of different density layer?

Answer 8

The thinnest layer is on top and it gets thicker towards the core.

Question 9

What are some differences between oceanic and continental crust?

Answer 9

Continental crust contains mainly rocks and granite.

Oceanic - BASALT - dark rock with a fine texture.

Question 10

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 10

Uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together form the lithosphere.

Question 11

What is asthenosphere?

Answer 11

soft layer below the lithosphere.

Question 12

what is occurring in the asthenosphere that causes it to move?

Answer 12

convection currents.

Question 13

what did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

Answer 13

land features, fossils,and evidence of climate chance.

Question 14

why did many scientist reject Wegeners’ s theory of continental drift?

Answer 14

he didn’t have a good explanation for the force that caused it.

Question 15

what does sonar allow us to do?

Answer 15

allows us to measure distances to objects using sound waves.

Question 16

what did we find using sonar?

Answer 16

scientist mapped the mid-ocean ridges using sonar.

Question 17

what did we find out was going on at the mid-ocean ridges?

Answer 17

earth’s oceanic crust is cracking know as sea-floor spreading.

Question 18

how did this lead to Hess’s theory of sea-floor spreading?

Answer 18

the sea-floor spreads along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added as a result ocean floors move like conveyor belts carrying the continents.

Question 19

how does Hess’s theory help Wegener?

Answer 19

sea-floor spreading explains the force that Wegener proposed only Wegener couldn’t explain .it

Question 20

the new theory is the theory of plate tectonics. this theory says the earth’s crust is broken into plates that move around what are the three types of plate boundaries

Answer 20

convergent, divergent , and transform. convergent=mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, mountain ranges
divergent=deep-ocean trench, rift valley
transform=small earth quakes.

Question 21

The movement of the plates leads to stress being put on rocks in the earth. What is stress?

Answer 21

A force that acts on rocks to change it’s shape or volume.

Question 22

In what ways do the types of stress affect the earth?

Answer 22

Stress builds up pressure in rocks until they break. Some rocks bend and streatch but at a certain limit it will break.

Question 23

When the earth can’t take any more stress, It breaks(breaks). how does the earth move during the three faults?

Answer 23

The three types of faults are convergent, divergent, transform. Convergent plates collide. Divergent the plates separate. Transform plates slide past each other.

Question 24

what can occur when stress is released in the earth along one of these faults?

Answer 24

When enough stress builds up in rock, the rock breaks, creating a fault.