1001 Stuff Flashcards
What’s a voltage tester or volt ohm for?
To test input voltage
What are the steps of the troubleshooting theory?
Consider policy before making changes, Step 1. Identify the issue, question user, Ask about environmental issues and infrastructure, Review system and app logs, Step 2. Establish a theory of probable cause, Step 3. Test the theory to determine cause, If theory isn’t right try a new one, Call in help if needed, Step 4. Establish a plan of action to solve problem and implement solution, Step 5. Check full functionality and use preventative measures if needed. Step 6. Document findings, actions, and outcomes.
Which item is not likely to be found in a technician’s toolkit?
EMP
A tech might use a voltage tester or this tool to check power coming out of a wall socket.
Voltmeter
The first step in troubleshooting is to..?
Identify the problem
After a problem is solved, which is an appropriate step?
Take preventative measures
What’s a system unit?
It’s the computer, where the CPU, RAM, Hard drives, and etc.
What’s a monitor?
It’s allows you to see what you’re doing and it is also called an output interface.
What’s a keyboard and a mouse for?
Allows you to make inputs on the computer.
What’s a printer for?
Provides paper output for whatever may be needed.
What are speakers for?
They provide sound and playback.
What’s a game controller for?
A tool used to control games.
What’s a web cam for?
A used to look at one another online.
What’s an external hard drive for?
A tool used to provide external storage. Portable to bring saved things to other systems.
What’s a headset for?
Listening to sounds and microphone for input.
What’s a microphone for?
Talking inside computer for communication.
What’s a universal serial bus?
A universal connector for a multitude of things like keyboards, a mouse, phones, and etc.
What’s a network cable connection?
Used with RJ-45’s to get onto a wired network.
What are sound connectors?
They’re usually colored round connectors used for sound systems like speaker systems and etc.
What is a Digital Visual Interface (DVI)?
An older type of video connection.
What are display ports?
Ports with notch on one side
What are HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) ports?
A common connector used for multiple video purposes.
What’s a power connection?
A connection used for a computer to run by use of electricity.
What’s a mini-DIN (PS/2)?
Older ports that were once used for both a keyboard and a mouse.
What’s a parallel port (LPT port)?
An older PC port used almost mainly for printers.
What’s a serial port?
A port used to connect a serial device onto a computer that’s transmits one bit at a time.
What’s a video graphics array (VGA)?
An older port that was used to push monitors.
What’s an s-video connector?
Transmits electrical signals over wires to represent original videos.
What’s an anti-theft connector?
A port that allows you to put a cable inside it to prevent it from being stolen.
What’s a mini-display port?
A port with a digital display for high definition.
What’s a USB-C connection?
A smaller version of the USB-A connection that’s for power and data transmitting.
What’s an SD card slot?
A port used for the insertion of an SD card.
What’s an optical drive for?
Using disc and CD’s.
What’s a motherboard?
The board where all the innards of the system unit are connected together.
What’s a ram stick?
Random access memory in the computer where data is kept to be accessed.
What’s a central processing unit (CPU)?
The brain of the computer where all the functions are peformed.
What’s thermal paste used for?
Paste that is used between a heat sink and a CPU/GPU
What’s an M.2. SSD?
The M.2 SSD is used to enable high-performance storage in thin, power-constrained devices.
What are (PCIe) expansion slots?
A PCIe or PCI express slot is the point of connection between your PC’s “peripheral components” and the motherboard.
What’s a chipset do?
It defines all the different features that define what a motherboard can do.
What’s the purpose of front panel connections?
Connectors that allow for use of the on/off switch and reset button.
What do M.2 SSD and hard drives do?
Store data when I’m not using the data.
What’s happens when RAM is in use?
It pulls data off of SSD’s and hard drives to use when the program is running.
What is a Raspberry pi used for?
It’s a super mini computer that plugs into a monitor or tv and uses both a keyboard and mouse.
What does a computer always consist of?
A CPU, RAM, mass storage, and an operating system.
What are examples of computers?
Laptops, mobile devices, and (IoT) internet of things.
Is a printer an output device?
Yes
Are microphones, keyboards, and web cams input devices?
Yes
This external connector supports connecting to a network..
RJ-45
Which component is not installed directly onto the motherboard?
Thermal paste
In CPU what are bits?
8 bits across
What’s a byte?
8 bits
What’s the machine language of CPU?
The code book or 1’s and 0’s
What does a programmer do?
Uses machine language to talk to a CPU and get work done.
What are some facts about CPUs?
They run programs, have internal features to process commands, run code based on machine language, and use pipelines to optimize processing commands
What’s 1 Hertz?
1 cycle per second.
What’s 1 GHz?
1 billion cycles per second
What do most motherboards max out around?
400 Mhz
What’s 1 MHz?
1 million cycles per second
What’s overclocking?
Taking a computer component and running it a specification higher than the manufacturer rated it.
What is hyper-threading?
One pipeline that can handle two incoming pieces of code the the same time.
What are multiple core CPUs?
Has many cores that allows a CPU to do many tasks at a time.
What do CPUs have?
A clock speed commonly measured in GHz (billion of cycles/sec)
What makes do CPUs usually come in?
Intel and AMD
What do CPUs do with system speed?
Multiply it to reach the max CPU speed.
Do single CPUs often have multiple cores?
Yes
What’s a pipeline stall?
An error that delays the processing of an instruction.
What’s a level 1 cache?
Only 64K of RAM
What’s a level 2 cache?
A cache that feeds the level one cache. Bigger 128K, 256K.
What’s a level 3 cache?
A cache that has 6 MBytes
What’s set asscociation?
How the cache can handle the right code up onto the CPU itself.
Common cache facts..
CPU caching works between RAM and CPU, cache is built into the CPU, it’s common to have 3 caches in a CPU: L1, L2, and L3.
The lists of intel names are what?
Nehalem (1st Gen), Sandy Bridge (2nd Gen), Ivy Bridge (3rd Gen), Haswell (4th Gen), Broadwell (5th Gen), Skylake (6th Gen), Kaby Lake (7th Gen), Coffee Lake (8th Gen).
What does PGA stand for?
Pin Grid Array, also means the pins stick out.
What does LGA stand for?
Land Grid Array, instead of pins it has pads and the socket has pins
What sockets might I see on the exam? (I need pics)
On intel it’s LGA 1151 & LGA 2066, and on AMD it’s AMA4 and TR4
What are CPU sockets?
The mount where a CPU connects to the motherboard
Facts to know..
CPUs are microarchitectures, many CPUs come from a single microarchitecture, and there are specific socket packages covered on the A+
Motherboard facts..
make sure you have the right socket and speed CPU for your motherboard, always use thermal paste between the CPU and the fan, connect the fan to a power source
Fans and liquid cooling facts..
Third party fans are more efficient than OEM fans, liquid cooling uses a pump, a radiator, and a cooling block with liquid to remove heat, liquid cooling reduces fan noise.
When an instruction is sent to the CPU in a binary pattern, how does the CPU know what instruction the pattern means?
Code book
What is the design foundation on which families of CPUs are built?
Microarchitecture
How does a CPU increase the speed of the system clock?
Clock multipliers
Which type of memory inside a CPU is the slowest?
L3
Which is a common Intel socket?
1151
When installing a CPU, protect it with what?
An antistatic wrist strap
How to calculate DDR speeds?
The mhz is the speed of the motherboard and DDR is that the MHz times 2 and PC speed is the DDR times 8.
Is DDR2 twice as fast as DDR?
Yes.
How to calculate DDR3 speed?
Mhz times 4 for DDR and DDR3 is DDR times 2. PC3 is DDR3 times 8.
With DDR4 speeds does the clock speed move to bandwidth or DDR speed?
Bandwidth
What’s the DDR4 speed order?
Clock speed, bandwidth, DDR4 speed rating, and PC speed rating.
How to calculate DDR2 speeds?
Mhz times 2 for DDR speed. DDR speed times 2 for DDR2 speed. And DDR2 times 8 for PC speed.
RAM technology facts..
Different motherboards support specific RAM technology, RAM speeds are measured by using DDR or PC ratings. Multiply a DDR speed by eight to get the PC speed.
Does double sided RAM fit into all motherboards?
No
What’s a motherboard channel for?
An empty slot where you can put in RAM.
What does dual-channel memory mean?
One must put two RAM sticks of the exact same size/speed into specific slots
RAM capacity facts..
Every stick of RAM has a specific capacity, RAM comes in both single and double sided versions, motherboards offer multichannel memory, RAM should be identical in the same channel
What is Parity or ECC RAM?
There the same as normal RAM but with one exception. They add an extra chip known as a parity chip. Parity 1 bad chip/ECC 2 bad chips
What are SO-DIMMs?
Designed for where long sticks of ram don’t work like laptops.
What’s a SDP chip?
A brain that’s built onto RAM for the system to query the RAM and ask it about speed, model #, and etc.
RAM feature facts..
Parity and ECC RAM contain extra chips to check for RAM errors, ECC RAM is only for motherboards that support it, SO-DIMMS are for smaller places, Almost all RAM have an SPD chip that stores info about the RAM stick. Tools like CPU-Z read SPD info.
