1000. Psychological influences on health and culture Flashcards
What sort of behaviours aimed to be changed by psychological campaigns
- Eating
- Physical activity
- Sexual behaviour e.g. condom use
- Addictive behaviour
- Stress management
- Use of screening and other health services
What are the different ways health behaviours can be changed?
fiscal and legislative interventions
national and local advertising and mass media campaigns (for example, information
campaigns, promotion of positive role models and general promotion of health-enhancing
behaviours)
point of sale promotions and interventions (for example, working in partnership with private
sector organisations to offer information, price reductions or other promotions).
How does the government promote good health?
support organisations and institutions that offer opportunities for local people to take part in
the planning and delivery of services
support organisations and institutions that promote participation in leisure and voluntary activities
promote resilience and build skills, by promoting positive social networks and helping to develop relationships
How must information be presented to cause change?>
Relevant to current goals
Easily understood and remembered
Readily available in the moment of decision or action
Why do people change their behaviours?
The advantages of not drinking (healthy baby) outweigh the disadvantages
You anticipate a positive response from others to your behaviour change (e.g., your partner also wants the unborn child to be healthy)
There is social pressure for you to change (very socially unacceptable to drink when obviously pregnant!)
You perceive the new behaviour to be consistent with your self-image (earth mother)
You believe you are able to carry out the new behaviour in a range of circumstances (at home, celebrations, etc)
What influences self efficacy?
- Goal setting
- Effort investment
- Persistence in face of barriers
- Recovery from setbacks
What General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions affect health?
- Agriculture and food production
- Education
- Work environment
- Living and working conditions
- Unemployment
- Water and sanitation
- Healthcare services
- Housing
What factors increase the likelihood someone might change their behaviours?
- You think advantages of change outweigh disadvantages
- You anticipate a positive response from others for your behaviour change
- Social pressure for you to change
- You perceive new behaviour to be consistent with your self-image
- You believe you are able to carry out new behaviour in a range of circumstances
What is culture?
learned and shared values of a particular group that:
- Guides thinking
- Actions
- Behaviours
- emotional reactions to daily living
- sum of beliefs, practice, habits, likes and dislikes
- norm and customs that are learned
How does culture affect healthcare?
- Lack of knowledge
- Fear and distrust
- Bias and ethnocentrism
- Stereotyping
- Language barriers
- Different perceptions and expectations
- Situation
What are the cultural barriers to healthcare?
- Lack of knowledge
- Fear and distrust
- Bias and ethnocentrism
- Stereotyping
- Language barriers
- Different perceptions and expectations
- Situation
What is cultural competence?
Cultural competence is the ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organizations and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations high quality care that is safe, patient- and family- centered, evidence-based, and equitable
What is the continuum of cultural competence?
- Knowledge
- Understanding meaning of culture and its importance to healthcare - Attitudes
- Having respect for variations in cultural norms - Skills
- Eliciting patients’ explanatory models of illness
How do you overcome cultural language barriers?
• Determine language needs at the point of contact.
• A wide variety of language interpreters are
available through Language Line Services
• Using phone interpreters:
– Confidentiality – private room with a speaker phone
– Setting the Stage – summarize the situation
– Time Constraints – plan questions ahead and allow for extra time
• On-site interpreters:
– Position Interpreter beside patient facing you
– Address patient directly, not interpreter – ask interpreter to speak in first person so he/she can melt into the background
- Family members as translators is least desirable option: equates to error, lack of knowledge, biases, selective communication.
- Speak clearly & slowly without raising your voice, avoiding slang, jargon, humor, idioms.
- Use Mrs., Miss, Mr. Avoid first names which may be considered discourteous in some cultures.
- Avoid gestures – they may have a negative connotation.
- Some individuals believe illness is caused by supernatural or by environmental factors like cold air. Do not dismiss as they play an important role in some people’s lives.
What are the expected skills of a culturally competent Dr?
- Languages
- Customs
- Worldviews
- Religions
- Spiritual views
- Health beliefs
- Gender roles
- Sexuality
- Family relationships
