1000 MCQ Flashcards
what is the purpose of inclining the handpiece for lower premolars?
to avoid the buccal pulp horn
for an amalgam restoration of a weakened cusp you should…
1. reduce cusp by 2mm on a flat base for more resistance
2. reduce cusp by 2mm following the outline of the cusp
3. reduce 2mm retention form
reduce cusp by 2mm on a flat base for more resistance
before filling a class V abrasion cavity with GIC, you should:
1. clean with pumice, rubber cup, water and weak acid
2. dry the cavity thoroughly before doing anything
3. acid etch cavity then dry thoroughly
clean with pumice, rubber cup, water and weak acid
describe a class I cavity
- pits and fissures on occlusal surface of molars and premolars
- lingual surface of maxillary incisors
describe a class II cavity
proximal surface of molars and premolars
describe a class III cavity
proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not involve the incisal angle
describe a class IV cavity
proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that involve the incisal angle
describe a class V cavity
cervical third of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth
describe a class VI cavity
- incisal edges of anterior teeth
- cusp tips of posterior teeth
the retention pin in an amalgam restoration should be placed parallel to what?
the outer wall
what is the most common failure of an IDB?
injecting too high
which of the following is not used in water fluoridation?
1. SnF2
2. 1.12% APF
3. H2SiF2
4. CaSiF2
5. 8% stannous fluoride
SnF2
what is the best chemical to clean a cavity before the placement of GIC?
polyacryclic acid
what is the most mineralised part of dentine?
peritubular dentine
what are the symptoms of angioneurotic oedema?
- swollen face
- puffiness around the eyes
- oedema of upper lip
- redness and dryness of skin
what types of resorption could be seen after replantation of an avulsed tooth?
- surface resorption
- external resorption
- inflammatory resorption
- replacement resorption
what is the % of total dentine surface that dentine tubules make up 0.5mm away from the pulp?
50%
describe the junction between primary and secondary dentine
a resting line
pick the correct sequence of events;
1. differentiation of odontoblast, elongation of enamel epithelium, dentine formation, enamel formation
2. differentiation of odontoblast, dentine formation then enamel formation, elongation of enamel epithelium
3. elongation of enamel epithelium, differentiation of odontoblast, dentine formation then enamel formation
differentiation of odontoblast, elongation of enamel epithelium, dentine formation, enamel formation
what is the sequence from syperficial to the deepest in dentine caries?
- Zone of bacterial penetration
- demineralisation
- sclerosis
- reparative dentine
the nerve supply of the pulp is composed of which type of nerve fibres?
afferent
sympathetic
in which direction does the palatal root of the upper first molar usually curve towards?
buccal
what is the common appearance of vertical tooth fracture?
perio abscess like appearance
give a possible indication for indirect pulp capping?
where any further excavation of dentine would result in pulp exposure
what is the main purpose of performing a pulp test on a recently traumatised tooth?
obtain a baseline response
what is the main function of EDTA in endodontics?
decalcification of dentine
what is EDTA?
Ethylenediamide tetraacetic acid
a chelating agent which combines with calcium ion and inactivates it
when should a prscription of 5/10mg of diazepam be given for sedation in order to obtain an acceptable level of anxiolytic action?
one hour preoperatively
how long can active metabolites in a prescription of 5/10mg of diazepam give a level of sedation for post operatively?
up to 8 hours
what drug is used to reverse the action of benzodiazepine?
flumazepil
is 0.1ml blood from an Hepatitis B or HIV carrier more infective?
Hepatitis B
what is the main problem that can be anticipated in routine dental therapy in a patient with severe cirrhosis?
tendancy towards prolonged haemorrhage
if a patient presents with a fracture to the right body of the mandible, where should you expect a second fracture to be located?
left sub-condylar region
what are 2 signs tha commonly suggest cardiac failure in a patient being assessed for oral surgery?
ankle oedema and dyspnoea
what is the treatment for a 1cm cyst present at the apex of an upper central incisor?
- make a mucoperiosteal flap
- remove the cyst through an opening made in the alveolar bone
- endodontic treatment
what is the best treatment of a persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 week period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar?
excistion of the fistula and surgical closure
what is the purpose of prophylatic prescription of dexamethasone for surgical removal of a lower third molar?
may reduce post operative swelling
what is the purpose of prophylatic prescription of an antibiotic for surgical removal of a lower third molar?
dramtically reduces the chance of infection
what are enkephalins?
morphine like substances produced in the CNS, adrenal medulla and other peripheral tissues which can control pain
suppuration is the result of the combined action of which four factors?
- necrosis
- presence of lymphocytes
- accumulation of tissue fluid
- autolysis by proeolytic enzymes
name 4 intra-epithelial lesions
- herpes simplex infections
- pemphigus vulgaris
- herpangina
- hand, foot and mouth disease
name 4 characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia
- pain usually lasts for a few seconds up to a minute in the early stages of disease
- the pain is usually unilateral
- patients characteristically have sites on the skin that when stimulated precipitate an attack of pain
- has a sudden unexpected onset and may respond to the treatment with carbamazepine
how does geographic tongue manifest?
atrophy of filiform papillae in multiple irregularly outlined areas
what is the clinical name for geographic tongue?
benign migratory glossitis
what infection is oral hairy leukoplakia associated with?
HIV
where is oral hairy leukoplakia usually seen?
lateral surface of the tongue
basal cell carcinoma is characterised by…
1. rapid growth and metastasis
2. local cutaneous invasion
3. inability to invade bone
4. poor prognosis
5. radiation resistance
6. can not metastasise to the bone
local cutaneous invasion
what is the mechanism of action of trichloroacetic acid?
protein precipitation PPT
why might a patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin show increased post operative bleeding?
aspirin inhibits synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation
a patient eho recently had calculus removed from the kidney presents with a radiolucent area in the left maxilla with clinical evidence of swelling. what disease would you immediately suggest?
hyperparathyroidism
which factor does Von Willebrand’s disease affect?
factor VIII
what is the normal range for red blood cells?
male- 4.3-5.9 million
female- 3.5-5.5 million
what is the normal range for white blood cells?
4,500-11,000
what is the normal range for platelets?
150,000-400,000
what is the normal range for haemoglobin?
male- 13.5-17.5
female- 12-16
what is the normal blood test result for hematocrit?
41-53%
36-46%
which diseases can be indicated by high levels of bilirubin in the blood?
- abnormal red blood cell destruction (hemolysis)
- adverse medication reactions
- bile duct blockage
- Gilbert’s syndrome
- hepatitis
what is ALT?
An enzyme found in the liver
what diseases can high levels of ALT in the blood indicate?
- cirrhosis
- hepatitis
- liver cancer
- liver damage
what is the role of triiodothyronine (T3)?
regulates heart rate and body temperature
what is the role of thyroxine (T4)?
regulates metabolism and growth
what is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone? (TSH)?
helps regulate the levels of hormones that the thyroid releases
what are normal levels of T3?
80–180 nanograms per deciliter of blood (ng/dL)
what are normal levels of T4?
0.8–1.8 ng/dL in adults.
what are normal levels of TSH?
0.5–4 milli-international units per liter of blood (mIU/L)
the tonsillar lymph node is situated at the level of which anatomical feature?
the angle of the mandible
name 4 factors which can reduce exposure of the patient to ionising radiation when taking a radiograph
- the use of fast film
- the addition of filtration
- collimation of the beam
- the use of an open and lead lined cone
- decreasing the kilovoltage KvP
what particles do the emulsions on x-ray films consist of?
silver bromide in gelatine
You wish to purchase a dental X ray machine and
have the choice between 60kVp and 70kVp machines. With single
change from 60kVp to 70kVp what would the approximate affects on exposure time?
half the time
what is the obturating material of choice for primary teeth following complete pulpectomy?
zinc oxide and eugenol cement
why is proximal reduction greater on a primary molar when preparing for a SS crown greater than that of the buccal and lingual surfaces?
to allow the crown to pass the contact area
what is the appropraite treatment of a child who has sustained a fracture of the 11 in which 2m of the pulp is exposed, 3 hours after the injury?
remove the surface 1-2mm of the pulp tissue and place calcium hydroxide
which primary teeth are least affected with nursing bottle caries?
mandibular incisors
during which stages of tooth development does oligodontia occur?
initiation and proliferation
what are the stages of tooth development?
- initiation
- proliferation
- histodifferentiation
- morphodifferentiation
- mineralisation
what is the preferred treatment for a healthy 6 year old presenting with a carious maxillary second primary molar with a necrotic pulp?
pulpectomy
to produce a table correction of an upper labial segment in lingual crossbite it is essential to;
* use fixed appliances
* have adequate overbite
* treat during growth
* use posterior capping
* increase vertical dimension
have adequate overbite
how are the lamina dura seen on periapicals?
a pattern of radiopaque lines in supporting alveolar bone
Which of the following organisms are pathognomonic of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis?
A. Spirochaetes and fusobacterium SP
B. Spirochaetes and eikenella corrodes
C. Polymorphs and lymphocytes
D. Actinobacillus actinomycetes comitans oral capnocytophaga
E. Porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia
spirochaetes and fusobacterium
In testing for mobility, which of the following statement is true?
A. Heavy pressure must sometimes be used to test mobility
B. Only lateral mobility is significant in diagnosis and
treatment of chronic
inflammatory periodontal disease
C. Hyper mobility indicates that the tooth supporting structure have been weakened
D. During the periodontal examination each tooth should be tested individually for hyper mobility
E. Reliance on radiograph is essential
hyper mobility indicares that the tooth supporting structures have been weakened
true or false:
desquamative gingivitis is frequently caused by lichen planus
true
why is the treatment of localised aggressive periodontitis frequently supplemented with tetracycline?
because the flora involved are predominantly facultative or microaerophilic
what is the most accurate wat to evaluate the effectiveness of root planning?
evaluate the soft tissues 10-14 days later
When treating a non vital tooth with a fistula present: the fistula should be treated by…
The usual root canal procedures for a non-vital teeth and no special procedures for fistula
To increase the setting time of phosphate cement you would?
Use a cold glass slab
A 27 year old female has a sudden odematous rash after an injection of barbiturates. What is your management
IM 0.5ml of 1:1000 adrenaline with oxygen administration
50 year old man presented after a full mouth extraction complaining he bled all night. Which of the following pre existing could be responsible for post op bleeding
Blood pressure reading of 180/100
Long bone growth by
C. Appositional growth in cartilage epiphysis
D. Interstitial growth in cartilage epiphysis
Research
What is true in regard to oral lesions of reticular lichen planus ?
Lesions may present anywhere
Bone graft method that has shown the greatest osteogenesis potential is
Cancellous bone graft
A patient states that for almost a year they have had a rubbery, firm painless nodule within the substance of parotid gland. This is most likely
Pleomorphic adenoma
The best method to radiate a specific area of the head is
Use a lead Collimator
The best reading on radiograph to diagnose ankylosis in deciduous molar is
Density of lamina dura
What is not characteristic of dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinal tubules are more than usual
A child wi the less than normal number of teeth, mandibular lateral incisor is larger than usual; on an X-ray it shows two roots and two root canals; the diagnosis is
Fusion
The most stable area to evaluate the craneofacial growth is
Anterior cranial base
7 year old with class I malocclusion, slight version of maxillary class I; adequate arch length. What is the management
Inclined plane on mandibular anterior teeth
Tongue thrust with tongue to lip swallow is seen in
Incompetent lips
Clinical indication of pathogenic chronic periodontitis
Presence of true pockets
Apical migration of gingival epithelium!!!
Presence of subgingival calculus
To prevent exposure of a ? On a permanent root; the best dentist approach for elevating a flap is to use
Split thickness flap
What is true in regards to primary occlusal trauma
Mobility caused by excessive forced on normal periodontal ligament
In advanced periodontitis with marked mobility: teeth should be splinted
To improve comfort and function
Exam reveals area of gingival recession,exposed wide area of dental roots. Which is the procedure of choice to obtain coverage of the root surface
Free gingival autograft
What does contra indicate distal wedge in molar areas
Sharply ascending ramus that limits space distal to molars
What is not a property of a fluoride ion
Produces extrinsic tooth strain
Two conditions of enamel facilitate post eruptive uptake of Fluoride element
Dental fluorosis and enamel opacities
In regards to topically applied fluoride
A & B?
Flexibility of the retentive clasp arm does not relate to
Undercut area
Protrusive movement in wax
Can not be perforated
Least use of blood count
Infectious mononuclears
What is the best advantage of using 10,000 rpm and over motors is
Less vibration on the patient
How long would it take to see the dentinal bridge after direct pulp capping by using calcium hydroxide
6-8 weeks
The optimum crown to root ratio for an abutment tooth is
2:3
What contraindicates bridge work
Long edentulous spaces which will lead to damage of abutments
Elasticity of impression material will (ideally)
Prevent distortion when impression is removed out of the mouth
Patient has come in several time complaining about soreness what would you do?
Check occlusion of lower buccal cusps
What is the difference between argon and non arcon articulator
In Arcon the condylar element is in the lower compartment
Purplish lesion on the buccal mucosa since birth is diagnosed as
Haemangiona
Elevators are not used in
Dividing third lower molar roots
What is contraindicated to the use of calcium hydroxide for pulp capping
Various exposure of pulp in tooth that has been painful for weeks
How would you treat a hyperaemic tooth?
Corticosteroid paste
Patient is complaining of pain in a tooth, it has a composite filling placed a long time ago, what do you do
X-ray, remove the filling and restore with temporary filling
Use of inhalation general anaesthesia
Oxygen must not be less than 30%
Bilateral symmetrical swelling of the mandible of a child is likely to be because by
Giant cell lesion
What is the fissure sealant treatment for prevention
Place sealant on pre molar and molar teeth as soon after they erupt
Periodontal pocket is measured between
Top of gingiva to the base
When you apply pressure of 0.25n to measure pocket depth what depth indicates possible periodontitis
Greater or equal to 4mm
What is not found in normal periodontal membranes
Inflammatory plasma cells and lymphocytes
What makes periodontal disease more severe
Missing proximal contacts
The auxiliary occlusal test of a tooth for partial denture should be placed
Adjacent to edentulous space
A vital root has a crown cemented to a pin retained amalgam cored: where does failure occur
Between core and cement
What does not result of a toxic dosage of local anaesthetic
Respiratory depression
Swallowing aids in the diagnosis of
Thyroglossal duct cyst
What is not true about tobacco smoking
- redox potential favours growth of anaerobic bacteria
- it is caries immuno- suppressive
- it is adrenergic
- affects neutrophils and chemotactic factors
It is caries immunosuppressive
On X-ray you found the gutta percha cone extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms; what would you do
C
On X-ray you found the cement of previous root canal treatment is extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms; what would you do
C
What is the main purpose of using corticosteroids in pimpla obturation material
B
What nerve supplies upper first molars
Posterior and mid superior alveolar nerves
The main of damage gingival tissues after placing rubber dam is
B
The advantage of using the lingual plate on lingual bar is
It acts as indirect retention
Retention in precision attachment is achieved by
Frictional resistance
How much under cut area a clasp arm should engage
C
Should be 1mm above the CEJ and 0.25mm under survey line
What is characteristic of fibrotic gingivitis
B
