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IGCSE Physics (DAP 2018) > 100 or so Paper 2 IGCSE Physics facts > Flashcards

100 or so Paper 2 IGCSE Physics facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between scalar and vector quantities?

A

Vectors have a direction as well as a magnitude (size)

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2
Q

Magnets can attract?

A

Magnetic materials (and other magnets too)

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A

Floods a large area,

disrupts people and animals

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4
Q

Name some vector quantities

A

Velocity,

displacement,

acceleration,

force,

momentum,

moment,

current

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5
Q

What is the relationship between input and output power of a transformer?

A

Pprimary = Psecondary

IpVp = IsVs

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6
Q

What experiment can be done to demonstrate charging by friction?

A

Rub a plastic rod with a cloth, show charge on coulombmeter or repel/attract other charged things.

Rub a balloon on jumper / hair stick to wall.

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7
Q

Energy transferred per unit charge is known as?

A

Voltage

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8
Q

Magnets can attract or repel?

A

Other magnets

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9
Q

If the kelvin temperature of a gas doubles, what happens to the pressure it exerts?

A

Pressure doubles too

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10
Q

What are some advantages of digital signals?

A

Can carry more information

Easier to clean the signal (remove noise)

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11
Q

How can electrostatic charge cause a fire at a petrol station.

A

Charge builds up on car while driving

a spark when person touches car

+ fuel vapour = explosion

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12
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?

A

Renewable,

no air pollution,

low running costs, no fuel costs

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13
Q

Name some scalar quantities

A

Speed,

mass,

volume,

time,

energy,

charge,

pressure,

power

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14
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals

A

Analogue signals can have any value.

Digital signals can ONLY be on or off

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15
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal power?

A

Renewable,

no air pollution,

low running costs, no fuel costs

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16
Q

Why is iron used as the core for a transformer?

A

Soft magnetic material; gains and loses magnetism easily.

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17
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

Momentum before a collision (or explosion) is equal to the momentum after.

Assuming no external forces act.

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18
Q

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas

A

No pattern;

Able to move freely/fast;

Larger space between particles;

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19
Q

What has the following magnetic field shape?

A

Field around a current carrying wire

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20
Q

What are the advantages of solar cells?

A

Renewable,

no air pollution,

low running costs, no fuel costs

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21
Q

What are the advantages of wind power?

A

Renewable,

no air pollution,

low running costs, no fuel costs

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22
Q

Which support provides more force? Why?

A

Moments about the person are equal.

A closer to person, so needs bigger force to provide same moment as B.

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23
Q

What is happening to this wave?

A

Diffraction; wave is spreading out

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24
Q

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid

A

Irregular pattern;

Able to move over/past other particles;

Little space between particles;

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25
What are the advantages of nuclear power?
Reliable (not weather dependent), already established, high power output
26
How does bending you knees help prevent injury?
Increases collision time, lower deceleration (a=V/t), lower force (F=ma)
27
What has the following magnetic field shape?
Field around a flat coil | (looks like an owl)
28
Why is the iron core in a transformer laminated?
Prevents eddy currents; stops heating; keeps efficiency high.
29
What are the general advantages of renewable sources of power?
Renewable, no air pollution, low running costs, no fuel costs
30
What change of state happens during condensing?
gas to liquid
31
What change of state happens during melting?
solid to liquid
32
A charged partical experience no force due to a magnetic field when?
Moving parallel to field
33
What sort of electricity is needed to make transformers work?
AC; current must change direction so magnetic field keeps changing direction
34
Magnetically hard materials....
Are difficult to magnetise but keep their magnetism
35
What is the missing force?
36
What force is felt by the charged particle
No force felt as particle is moving parallel to field.
37
What is Newton's third law?
If object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A
38
More turns on the secondary coil is what sort of transformer?
Step up; voltage is bigger across the secondary coil
39
Give some useful uses of electrostatic charges
Paint spraying, Chimney precipitator (smoke cleaner), Photocopier, Ink Jet Printer
40
How does a material gain a negative electrostatic charge?
Object gains electrons to gain a negative charge
41
What are the disadvantages of geothermal power?
Only works in very specific places, deep drilling difficult and expensive
42
What are the advantages of fossil fuels?
Reliable (not weather dependent), already established, high power output
43
What are the advantages of solar heating systems?
Renewable, no air pollution, low running costs, no fuel costs
44
Maximum diffraction happens when the gap size is?..
similar to the wavelength
45
How can fires be prevented when refuelling aircraft (linked to electrostatic charge)
Attach Earthing strap (to discharge aircraft) before beginning to refuel
46
What are the disadvantages of solar heating systems?
Unreliable (doesn't work at night), may need additional boiler to produce hot water
47
What is the Newton's third law pair
48
Why are step up and step down transformers used in the National Grid?
Voltage stepped up (e.g 100x); Current drops by the same amount (100x lower); less power loss due to heating; Stepped down to be safe in homes.
49
Why doesn't DC work for transformers?
DC doesn't change direction so the magnetic field is constant
50
How does a material gain a positive electrostatic charge?
Object loses electrons to gain a positive charge
51
What are the disadvantages of solar cells?
Unreliable (doesn't work at night or when cloudy), large area needed to replace a typical power station, inefficient
52
Magnetically soft materials...
Are easy to magnetise but lose their magnetism quickly
53
What change of state happens during boiling?
liquid to gas
54
What are the general disadvantages of renewable sources of power?
Unreliable (weather dependent), large amount of land needed to replace a typical power station
55
How does a stretching seatbelt reduce injury
Increases collision time, lower deceleration (a=V/t), lower force (F=ma)
56
The frequency of a sound wave is linked to its?.
pitch
57
The amlitude of a sound wave is linked to its?.
volume
58
What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?
Produces long lasting radioactive waste which must be securely stored, mining hazardous
59
What change of state happens during freezing?
liquid to solid
60
What is the resultant force in each case?
61
What are the benefits of using electrostatically charged spray paint
Paint has same charge so repels = fine mist, no clumps. Object has opposite charge, attracts paint into corners and around the back
62
One volt is equal to one?..
One joule per coulomb
63
What is the Newton's third law pair
64
How are electromagnets made?
A coil of wire around an iron core
65
When two objects with a positive electrostatic charge are close together they?
Repel as like charges repel
66
More turns on the primary coil what sort of transformer?
Step down; voltage is bigger across the primary coil
67
How can digital signals carry more information?
Multiplexing (e.g. different coloured light in fibre optics) Increase the frequency of the transmitter
68
How can you find the frequency of a sound wave from an oscilloscope trace
Measure time period T (of one wave) Use f = 1/T (careful with milli seconds) e.g T = 3ms so f = 1/0.003 = 333Hz
69
What is the relationship between kelvin temperature of a gas and average kinetic energy its molecules?
Kelvin temperature is directly proportional to average kinetic energy. Doubling the temperature (in kelvin!) doubles KE
70
Why is a current induced in the secondary coil?
The secondary coil sees a changing magnetic field; electrons experience a force and move; which induces a current
71
What are the disadvantages of wind power?
Unreliable (only works when windy), needs lots of land, visual pollution, a large number needed to replace a typical power station
72
What is the relationship between input and output voltages and the no. of turns on each coil?
73
What equation links momentum, mass and velocity?
Momentum = mass x velocity
74
How can electrostatic charge be used to clean smoke in a chimney?
Smoke particles charged by wires and attracted to charged plates
75
What can happen to waves when they pass an edge or go through a gap?
Diffraction; waves spread out
76
Describe the structure of a transformer
Two coils of wire wrapped around a laminated iron core
77
What two pieces of equipment are needed to display a sound wave?
Microphone and oscilloscope
78
What has the following magnetic field shape?
Field around a solenoid (same shape as a bar magnet)
79
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
Release CO2 and air pollution, mining hazardous
80
How can magnetism be induced in a magnetic material?
Placing a magnet close to a magnetic material will induce magnetism in the magnetic material
81
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid
Regular pattern OR close packed; Vibration in position; Little space between particles

IGCSE Physics (DAP 2018) (6 decks)

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