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sheep brain practicle🧠 > 100% > Flashcards

100% Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Forebrain

A

Basiclly everything but the brain stem and cerebellum prominent in mammals and birds,
responsible for most conscious behaviors

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2
Q

Central Nervous system

A

The brain and the spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS)
receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information.

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

All nerve processes and neurons outside the CNS (the PNS) are
Sensory receptors
Muscles
Internal organs

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4
Q

Somatic division

A

Deals with Volentray movement and it contains nerves that carry sensory signals, from the body to the central nervous system

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5
Q

Autonomic division

A

It carries signals from interal organs to the central nervous system and the other way around
Involtray controls

(In PNS)

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6
Q

Draw out Nervous sytem chart thing

A
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7
Q

Innate

A

Relatively Fixed (Innate) Behaviors
Dependent on heredity
Eating, for crossbills, is a fixed behavioral pattern that is inherited and does not require much modification through learning

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8
Q

Learned

A

Relatively Flexible Behaviors
Dependent on learning
Roof rats can eat pinecones efficiently only if they are taught to do so by an experienced mother

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9
Q

Mentalism

A

aristotle: psyche controls behavior (completely separate from brain and body); brain cools blood

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10
Q

Dualism
-psyche
-Pineal gland

A

the view that the mind and body both exist as separate entities………………………………………….

Psyche: Synonym for mind/soul
an entity once proposed to be the source of human behavior

Descartes though the Mind is located in the pineal gland of the brain, which sits beside ventricles filled with fluid
he thought Mind (pineal gland) regulates behavior by directing the flow of ventricular fluid to appropriate muscles
When muscles have fluid, they flex

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11
Q

Behavior

A

Complexity of behavior varies considerably in different species
(depends on if they have a complex or simple nervous systeem)

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12
Q

Materialism

A

darwin: behavior is a function of the nervous system, not the mind (explains evolution)

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13
Q

Nerve Net

A

Nerve net: (sea anemone)
Simple nervous system with sensory and motor neurons

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14
Q

Segmented Nerve Trunk

A

Segmented nerve trunk: (flatworm)
Bilaterally symmetrical (the same on both sides of the body)
Segmented (divided into a number of parts)

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15
Q

Ganglia

A

Ganglia: (squid)
Structures that resemble and function somewhat like a brain
Grouping of nerves in a “head” area with some processing

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16
Q

Brain

A

Brain: (us)
The backbond animals display the greatest degree of encephalization: they have a true brain.
Of all the chordates, humans have the largest brain relative to body size.

17
Q

Encephalization

A

an evolutionary increase in the complexity or relative size of the brain,

18
Q

Chordate nervous system

A

Nervous systems vary widely among chordates, but all:
- Are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented
- Have brain and spinal cord encased in cartilage/bone
- Have “crossed” organization: Each hemisphere receives information from and controls the opposite side of the body

19
Q

Complex chordate behavior

A

The complex behaor in chodates cuase the evolution of the brain

20
Q

Primate features

A

Features common to primates:
- Excellent color vision
- Eyes in front of face: enhance depth perception
- Females: Usually only one infant per pregnancy; infants require more care
- Large brains for skilled movements and social behavior

21
Q

Brain size vs. expected

A

Brain size is sometimes measured by weight and sometimes by volume

22
Q

Encephalization Quotient (EQ)

A

Encephalization Quotient (EQ):
Ratio of actual brain size to the expected brain size (the line) for an animal of a particular body size

23
Q

Identify the four lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

24
Q

Identify the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

A

Draw it out :P

25
Q

Draw/fill in an organizational chart of the nervous system

A

Draw it out :p

26
Q

Why do the senses of touch and vision have their own dedicated lobe while other senses share?

A

Touch and Vision are such vital senses for humans that they need one, without devloped touch and vision it would be difficult fo our species to survive

27
Q

How are the domains of the somatic and autonomic systems different?

A

The Somatic deals mainly with the muscles while the Atuonomic deals with Organs

28
Q

Why is the brain important for human behavior?

A

the brain controls our conscious and unconscious, and our behavior is comprised of innate (unconscious) and learned (conscious) responses to stimuli

29
Q

What is a major factor in the range of behavior of an animal?

A

The range of behavior depnds on if they have simple or complex nervous system the more complex the higher skilled behavior

30
Q

Compare the behavioral theories of Mentalism, Dualism, and Materialism
Why have humans found success on Earth in such a (relatively) short time?

A

mentalism = aristotle: psyche controls behavior (completely separate from brain and body); brain cools blood
2. dualism = descartes: mind directs rational behavior; body and brain direct all other behavior (mind/soul is located in the pineal gland)
3. materialism = darwin: behavior is a function of the nervous system, not the mind (explains evolution)

31
Q

Why are animal nervous systems unique among living things?
Compare the animal nervous systems

A

different species need to respond to different stimuli and environments, so their nervous systems adapt to their needs and capabilities

32
Q

Why can you compare brain sizes for organisms in different species?

A

A huge factor of brain size is the size of the animals body, a mouses brain will never be that of a elephants.

33
Q

Why can’t you compare brain sizes for organisms in the same species?

A

every specific organism has a different brain size, EQ matters more; cannot compare because it is relative to body weight

34
Q

What does the EQ tell us about an organism?

A

Ratio of actual brain size to the expected brain size (the line) for an animal of a particular body size

35
Q

Ancient Greece: Aristotle

A

Believed the brain cooled the blood; no role in producing behavior

36
Q

Why have humans found success on Earth in such a (relatively) short time?

A

the human brain is highly flexible and can easily learn and adapt to brand new things (ex/ computers)

sheep brain practicle🧠 (2 decks)

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