100-1 Flashcards
A dog with acute, non-productive retching, abdominal distention, and tympanic gas on auscultation of the abdomen (positive ping on abdominal percussion) should have at least one radiograph taken of its abdomen. Which view is most useful for your suspected diagnosis?
Right lateral (gastric dilatation-volvulus)
Which components of the eye make up the uvea?
Choroid, ciliary body, and iris.
What is the average litter size for guinea pigs?
2 to 4 (a range of 1-13 has been reported)
What is the most common species of coccidia found in poultry?
Eimeria spp.
A one-year-old female spayed German Shepherd is presented for a two-week history of lameness.
Although the dog limps on the right foreleg as it enters the exam room, the owner reports that the dog was lame on the left hindleg last week.
On physical exam, the dog reacts painfully on palpation of the long bones of the right foreleg.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Value Normal
99.8°F (37.7°C) 99.5-102.5°F (37.2-39.2°C)
HR=100 bpm 80-120
RR=24 brpm 15-34
A - Panosteitis
B - Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
C - Hypertrophic osteopathy
D - Osteosarcoma
E - Multiple cartilaginous exostoses
A - Panosteitis
A herd of ewes has had an abortion storm in which 80% of animals are affected.
All stages of gestation are affected, and lambs that are born are very weak.
On the placentas, cotyledons have white foci of necrosis.
Which one of the following choices is the primary differential diagnosis?
A - Listeria monocytogenes
B - Chlamydiosis
C - Histophilus ovis
D - Brucella
E - Toxoplasma gondii
E - Toxoplasma gondii
A six-year-old male neutered Yorkshire terrier is presented for routine examination. The owner has no current concerns.
Exam reveals a grade 3/6 left-sided systolic heart murmur. Pulse quality is strong and synchronous and there are no other abnormalities.
What is the most likely cause of the heart murmur?
A - Myxomatous mitral valve disease- (MMVD)
This is the most common heart disease in dogs. It is the most common cause of a heart murmur in adult small–> med sized dogs especially cavaliers, dachshunds, yorkies, chihuahuas, and mini poodles
What are 3 anatomic sites of predilection for hemangiosarcoma in the dog?
Spleen, right atrium, liver and/or lung (metastases);
rarely kidney, other sites.
The foramen ovale is an opening in which structure?
The interatrial septum (in utero)
An older white cat has an erosive lesion that has been expanding on the rostralmost nasal planum for several months. What neoplasm is of the greatest concern?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
At what age are guinea pigs sexually mature?
Two months of age in females, three months of age in males.
Which type of canine distemper virus vaccine should be given to ferrets?
A-chick embryo,
B- canine tissue culture,
C- ferret tissue culture adapted vaccines
Chick embryo-adapted vaccines. Canine or ferret tissue culture-adapted vaccines can induce disease and should never be used.
Which canine parasite can cause cutaneous larva migrans in people?
A - Spirocerca sp.
B - Ancylostoma spp.
C - Trichostrongylus spp.
D - Habronema spp.
E - Trichuris spp.
B - Ancylostoma spp.
A female veterinarian is pregnant and her physician tests her serologically for toxoplasmosis.
IgM is negative.
IgG is positive.
What is the most appropriate interpretation?
A - Mother at risk, baby is safe
B - Both mother and baby are safe
C - Both mother and baby at risk
D - Mother is safe, baby at risk
E - Need to re-check in 2 weeks for rising titers
B - Both mother and baby are safe
During examination of a newborn male cria, adhesions between the free end of the penis and the prepuce are evident.
What is the most likely explanation?
A - Common congenital malformation of preputial ring, associated with phimosis
B - Failure of separation of preputial diverticulum
C - Sequella of hypospadias; Heritable
D - Normal finding
E - Secondary to stress in utero, 5th month
D - Normal finding
A two-day-old pup has a GGT level of 500 times the adult upper reference range.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely interpretation?
A - Related to bone development
B - Associated with neonatal cholestasis
C - Caused by traumatic placental detachment
D - Due to colostrum absorption
E - Suggestive of a congenital liver shunt
D - Due to colostrum absorption
What recommendation should be given to the owner of a mare that has had Caslick’s vulvoplasty surgery?
A - Higher risk of uterine torsion
B - Mare has a higher than normal risk for metritis
C - Mare has a decreased risk for perineal laceration
D - Mare will need an episiotomy before foaling
E - Mare should not be bred by a stallion
D - Mare will need an episiotomy before foaling
Typhlitis is inflammation of which organ?
The cecum.
What are the 4 components of the tetralogy of Fallot?
Ventral septal defect, dextroaorta, pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular concentric hypertrophy.
Does an animal with paresis, hyperreflexia, and disuse atrophy that is mild and slow to develop have upper or lower motor neuron disease of the affected area?
Upper motor neuron disease.
In dogs, Staphylococcus and Proteus urinary tract infections favor the development of which type of urolith?
Struvite urolith. These bacteria favor an alkaline urine (e.g., via production of disease), favoring struvite formation
What is the primary differential for a 1-month-old puppy with a dome shaped head and a bilateral strabismus?
Congenital hydrocephalus.
When a sow is giving birth, what is the shortest time interval between passage of piglets that indicates dystocia?
- 1 hour
Which diseases are associated with a high anion gap (AG)?
A - Grain overload, ethylene glycol toxicity, renal failure
B - Hypercalcemia of malignancy, hypoadrenocorticism, displaced abomasum
C - Eosinophilic enteritis, hypothyroidism, gastrinoma
D - Prostatic adenocarcinoma, pleural effusion, lymphangiectasia
E - Diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, chronic diarrhea
E - Diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, chronic diarrhea
What is the earliest stage post-breeding that an experienced practitioner can reliably rectally palpate fremitus in the uterine artery of the gravid uterine horn in a pregnant cow?
A - 90 -120 days
B - 60-75 days
C - 120-150 days
D - 70-80 days
E - 45-60 days
C - 120-150 days
The most common clinical signs in dogs and cats with portosystemic shunts reflect dysfunction of which body system secondary to poor liver function?
Central nervous system (dullness, seizures)
Which sweetener used in sugar free gum has been associated with hepatic dysfunction and acute liver failure in some dogs
Xylitol
The total lung capacity consists of the inspiratory reserve volume, the expiratory reserve volume, the residual volume, and which fourth, essential component?
The tidal volume
Calcinosis cutis is a possible clinical sign of this endocrine disease:
Hyperadrenocorticism
Carpal valgus denotes a deviation of the distal limb in which direction?
Lateral deviation. Carpal varus is medial deviation
A middle-aged, depressed, coughing, exercise-intolerant Doberman pinscher is presented.
The dog has a rapid and irregular heart rate.
Which initial diagnostic step is most appropriate?
q- Ultrasound for pericardial effusion -
w- Thoracic radiographs to evaluate for congestive heart failure -
r- Abdominal focused assessment with sonography for triage, trauma, and tracking rapid (AFAST) for hemoabdomen -
t- CBC to identify anemia -
o-Bronchoscopy for airway assessment -
w- Thoracic radiographs to evaluate for congestive heart failure -
The blood supply to the cow’s udder comes primarily from which artery?
External pudendal artery
What is ophthalmia neonatorum of ferrets?
Infection of the unopened eyes of kits
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the adult dog?
Malignancy
The optimal therapeutic regimen for rhodococcal pneumonia in foals consists of treatment with which antimicrobials?
A macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) combined with rifampin
In small animals, what is the most likely anatomical location (i.e., small or large bowel) of a lesion when diarrhea is characterized by weight loss, large volume of liquid feces, and melena?
Small bowel diarrhea
What condition is associated with rectal stricture in pigs?
Salmonella typhimurium -
Rotavirus -
Coccidiosis -
Intussusception -
Intestinal spirochetosis -
Salmonella typhimurium -
Which one of the following choices includes the cardinal sign of trigeminal neuritis?
p-Inability to close the mouth
o-Dysphagia, dysphonia and stridor -
u-Circling and head tilt toward side of lesion, no other signs -
y-Masseter muscle pain associated with chewing -
k-Paralyzed eyelid, ear or lip on one or both sides of the face -
p-Inability to close the mouth
The intratracheal (IT) route of medication administration can be used in emergencies and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in small patients without an intravenous catheter.
However, not all drugs are safe to give IT. “NAVEL” is an acronym that corresponds to five emergency drugs that may be given IT.
What is the correct meaning of NAVEL in this regard?
B - Naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, epinephrine, lidocaine
In cats, at what age is normal testicular descent complete?
A - 8 weeks
B - 14 days
C - 1 year
D - At birth
E - 6 months
D - At birth
