10. XR, VUI & Persuasive Technology Flashcards
What is XR?
XR is extended reality and encompasses:
Augmented reality (AR)
Mixed reality (MR)
Virtual reality (VR)
What is augmented reality (AR)?
Physical world is overlaid with digital elements
What is virtual reality (VR)?
A simulated, immersive experience. The physical world is blocked out
What is mixed reality (MR)?
Combines the physical world with digital elements, the user can interact with both
What are the degrees of freedom (DoF) within VR?
VR headsets offer different degrees of freedom (DoF)
3DoF - Users can rotate their heads
left / right, up / down, side to side
6DoF - Above + Users can also move forwards / backwards, side to side, and up / down
What is a body-locked interface?
Moves with the user as they walk around.
Maintains a fixed position relative to the user’s body or head
Ideal for displaying information or controls that are persistent or wouldn’t seem appropriate for the environment eg a menu that is always visible in the corner of user’s vision
Designed to be discreet / appear on demand to avoid disrupting the immersion
What is a world-locked interface?
Independent of user movement, does not move with the user
Can mimic the real world. Users can interact with it as if they were physical objects
More realistic and - Ideal for creating a sense of presence and immersion—
Useful where spatial awareness and natural movement are important
What are the 3 illusions of VR? (Mel Slater)
To successfully immerse users within a VR experience, design for:
Place illusion (PI) - Users need to believe they have been transported somewhere else
Plausibility illusion (Psi) - Users need to consistently believe the virtual environment is behaving in a realistic way. (Can easily be broken)
Embodiment Illusion - Users need to believe that the virtual body they are inhabiting belongs to them
How can we design for the Place illusion (PI) in VR? (2)
Realistic - Natural movement, vision, sound, touch…
Technology can help - use high
quality display, high frame rate, hardware to create sound, simulate touch
Examples: Change in sound, when the user moves closer to something
How can we design for Plausibility illusion (Psi) in VR? (2)
Responsive - Environment responds to the user in a way that makes sense
Consistency - Designing for consistency with the real world can help make the simulation seem more plausible
Examples: A glass breaking when it’s dropped; Characters in the world
making eye contact
How can we design for the Embodiment illusion in VR? (4)
Physicalities - Movements, appearance, position, texture etc align with the user’s body
Self location - Sense of being inside the body
Agency - User can control the virtual body
Interaction - User can interact with items in the virtual world in the virtual body
Examples: Avatar body reflected in a virtual mirror; Real-world hand gestures reflected by the virtual body
What is a voice user interface (VUI)?
User interacts with the system by talking, and the system (usually) responds with speech output
Examples: Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa
What are some advantages of voice user interfaces? (VUI’s) (7)
Accessibility - Make systems accessible for people with some disabilities
Speed/efficiency (in some cases) - Speech may be faster than typing
Language - Can use natural language
Human - Potential to create more ‘human’ interaction
Intuitive - More natural and intuitive for some users
Multitasking
Hands-free operation
What are some disadvantages of voice user interfaces? (VUI’s) (4)
Accuracy - e.g. understanding accents
Public spaces - Difficulty in noisy environments.
Privacy concerns - Sensitive subjects and ‘Always listening’.
Cognitive effort - Have to rely on memory on how to use, what to say to activate certain commands
What are some design principles for voice interfaces? (5)
Minimise steps
Concise
Avoid “commands”
Reflect an identity
Handle errors
Leverage context
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