10 - urban planning Flashcards
two aspects of transportation planning
mobility - every trip requires a car, land uses are separated (private vs public)
accessibility - proximity and connectivity between public and private realms. focuses more on the public realm - public transit
what were some of the preconditions that led to private cars being the primary form of transportation
land use zoning
need for housing post-war where houses were cheaper on the outskirts
social class dignity of commuting privately
consequences of automobile dependency
road rage, accidents, injuries, death, air, water, and noise pollution
cyclical issue of mobility and road capacity
road congestion leads to calls for more roads, which temporarily lead to less road congestion but then more road usage, ultimately leading back to increased road congestion
accessibility approach to transportation
encourages multiple modes of transportation (bike to bus to bike to walk)
urban design features (wide sidewalks with vegetation planted on them, building stores close to the street
Bike lane access
four features that are distinct from 8th street to broadway
wider sidewalks on broadway
vegetation and street lamps are different
buildings frame the street in broadway
less furniture on the street
sustainable cities require ….
integrated parts
seven principles for building better cities
- preserve natural landscapes and heritage
- mixed land use, neighbourhood uses and demographics
- walkable neighbourhoods and cities
- bike - prioritize bike use
- connect - increase the density of road networks and limit block size
- ride - high quality public transit that is affordable
- focus - match density and mix to transit capacity
what is a healthy city
a city that is continuously striving to improve the physical and social environments by expanding community resources to enable citizens to mutually support each other in all functions in life
five D’s of development
- density - measured in persons, jobs, dwellings per unit area. more dense means more likely to be walkable, served by transit, and have lower dependence
- diversity - mixed land use - land use is balanced - have a range of people and places in the area - ex - paris
- design - street networks and neighbourhoods vary from highly dense to sparse
- destination - number of jobs, schools, stores, etc reachable in a certain travel time
- Distance - distance of home and work places from public transit routes. Transit stops are within convenient walking distance of many residential and commercial areas
the five D’s are all _____ and support the health benefits associated with being able to ________
theyre all interconnected and support the health benefits associated with being able to walk to many destinations
main driver for urban environment growth and industrialization
rapid population growth
rapid urbanization and industrialization is linked to
morbidity and mortality measures including heart disease, diabetes, stroke, injuries, mental illness
New urbanism
advocate for urban principles which were more common before cars became the main form of transportation, such as:
pedestrian and bicycle transportation
vibrant community centres
mixed land use
connectivity
what is the built environment
settings designed and maintained by humans (neighbourhoods, parks, roadways)
what is the significance of built environments for health
healthy environments in combination with education and regulation can seriously combat major causes of disease like CVD
how does the built environment help combat CVD
building activity centres or park to combat physical inactivity
prioritization of farmers markets or healthy grocery stores instead of fast food
smoking zones
walkability
food environment
the availability and selection of food in one’s environment affects their health
food deserts
poor quality/nutritional value with good nutritional food being sparse. Have a lot of fast food options
